tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79695503586864280942024-03-12T10:15:05.928+01:00Traditional Taekwondo RamblingsUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger364125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-86466189685115217442022-10-05T13:00:00.003+02:002022-10-05T13:00:48.199+02:00Geom or Do? How language changes in martial arts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvjRasbHuVZqNpTmn5ltqU3A6QO_UdybpOePYLUWNGXgZ9o5S_RxysEHyNXoljDmQ4OIYjASXRls_tPrWPp6rnJ17WumN890ndi8NYYM02dUyFszHKOJmGTl8sNOyM0a0AVFjpu5P-2HUTlh0x2tWFgr_7MYk0sxNJcbNBX5fohxbWk4g51d6Kh8Sutw/s1770/71ED970F-2F7A-40B1-91E5-AD4D4B3C8D9D.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1770" data-original-width="1617" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvjRasbHuVZqNpTmn5ltqU3A6QO_UdybpOePYLUWNGXgZ9o5S_RxysEHyNXoljDmQ4OIYjASXRls_tPrWPp6rnJ17WumN890ndi8NYYM02dUyFszHKOJmGTl8sNOyM0a0AVFjpu5P-2HUTlh0x2tWFgr_7MYk0sxNJcbNBX5fohxbWk4g51d6Kh8Sutw/s320/71ED970F-2F7A-40B1-91E5-AD4D4B3C8D9D.jpeg" width="292" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Hi there :-) I have been going full Muyedobotongji rabbit hole these last few months :-P I have posted a lot of stuff on facebook, and one of the things I wrote was that the Sang H. Kim's translation of the Muyedobotongji is a wonderful resource, but it does contain flaws and errors, and the biggest "flaw" for me was that he did not include any Hanja or Hangul for any of the Korean terms. This means that you get quite a few paragraphs containing interesting and vital information that comes out as pure guibberish. The section that annoyed me at that time of writing was in the Yedo chapter where he translates: </p><p></p><blockquote><i>"There are four strategic fighting methods in Chosun; ahnbub, kyukbub, sebup and jabup."</i> </blockquote><p>Now reading this you get four strategic fighting methods and four words that you have no idea what it is supposed to be. Had he included the hanja and or hangul you might be able to use this to research into the matter and come up with something, but since there are only latin alphabet and he does not transcribe into it following a strict transcription system you really can just guess at that he means. Even if you speak Korean this makes the job impossible and it would really be so much better if he or the publisher could just include the terms in the Hanja at least. Hanja is traditional characters of Chinese origin by the way.</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><p>Damian an online friend I have had the pleasure of writing with over many years did make a valid and interesting point on this though; even if the hangul and Hanja were included, you still had to contend with the fact that language change over time, words can change meaning and I remember reading in the Muyedobotongji that this happened even back then. Muyedobotongji was published in 1790 which is quite a while ago (232 years ago at the time of writing this), but the book did not show up out of thin air. It make heavy references from older books, the Yedo chapter for instance comes largely from Mubiji /Wu Bei Zhi) and that book is from 1621 which is 401 years ago today, but it is a timegap of almost 200 years (169 years to be exact) between the Mubiji and Muyedobotongji. This means that words and documentation that the Muyedobotongji authors were using had changed over time themselves. Look at the words for "sword" for instance. There are two commonly used words in the Muyedobotongji, Geom (검) and Do (도). Now originally they were used in connection to what kind of sword they were talking about, but at the time of writing the Muyedobotongji it was simply any kind of sword. Heres a quote from the authors of the Muyedobotongji taken from Sang H. Kim's translation:</p><blockquote><p>"<i>A double-edged sword is called a gum. A single-edged sword is called a do. In later times, the terms do and gum began to be used interchangeably. In ancient times, gum was a more respected term and in later times do took its place. This was not because of the quality of the weapon but because of the customs."</i></p></blockquote><p>They continue with another quote which I really liked:</p><blockquote><p><i>"Suk Myung said, "Gum means to grab. Therefore the sword that one grabs for defense does not necessarily have blades on both sides."</i></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuwxd1l2pLpLdux6jhlnEgfoWcqYryte0pMJuzdaQpzoSKmGDRjQnCkc6-BRWtCR18qKdI-lSaHaK9oQJKmn86re6RcrcEuediyJjtpz_KCrLQssoNDK6cJ1mC_b9fK2zVSriqSCWwJH0fcOuNLqGGGBndipkBczaEUTvrQSwF6Ptq6hvi7K3yATxjmA/s1850/30FA2782-E4CB-4D4F-B509-025FE3CC07F7.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuwxd1l2pLpLdux6jhlnEgfoWcqYryte0pMJuzdaQpzoSKmGDRjQnCkc6-BRWtCR18qKdI-lSaHaK9oQJKmn86re6RcrcEuediyJjtpz_KCrLQssoNDK6cJ1mC_b9fK2zVSriqSCWwJH0fcOuNLqGGGBndipkBczaEUTvrQSwF6Ptq6hvi7K3yATxjmA/s320/30FA2782-E4CB-4D4F-B509-025FE3CC07F7.jpeg" width="266" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In fact Gum/Geom is the same word as in Keumna better known in the west as Quinna the art of grabbing which is an important part of Chinese martial arts at least. The word is also the same as in Korean "Gumdo" (검도) which is how the Koreans read the Japanese term "Kendo" or the way of the sword. </p><p>Going back to the opening paragraph for those wondering and who have not read my earlier articles on Yedo 24 Se the four strategic methods are (translations from Jack Chen): </p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Observation techniques</li><li>Striking techniques</li><li>Deflecting techniques</li><li>Thrusting techniques</li></ol>Insert these words into the earlier quote and you'll have a short hand overview of what the korean sword system is all about instead of some letters arranged into what seems to be korean of some sort :-)<p></p><p><br /></p><p> </p><blockquote><p> </p></blockquote><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-71432021275312182362022-09-13T23:00:00.002+02:002022-09-13T23:00:48.144+02:00Product review on Training Katana (Iaito) from Ryan Swords<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGPVZDyA2HngxwPboFH-9OcZ6z3I_n6IO7glSJuryKmNljNsgEieMkB6U0VbKdHFJWvKI6SwB1FGG9dD5eAVtaojHaoO5FXEayKOsDP51lrwb4n2V38PHWKjQSF5MMOn1xkcl-R-wm9VpPSRDvAVIsV7QFyrHg2ms3QyJi2jahVDaJ0AywtKLaUCLlDA/s1280/CF5BABD8-AF03-4F4B-AE54-C8F89905026B.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGPVZDyA2HngxwPboFH-9OcZ6z3I_n6IO7glSJuryKmNljNsgEieMkB6U0VbKdHFJWvKI6SwB1FGG9dD5eAVtaojHaoO5FXEayKOsDP51lrwb4n2V38PHWKjQSF5MMOn1xkcl-R-wm9VpPSRDvAVIsV7QFyrHg2ms3QyJi2jahVDaJ0AywtKLaUCLlDA/s320/CF5BABD8-AF03-4F4B-AE54-C8F89905026B.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9E5E4dRoOQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="Y9E5E4dRoOQ"></iframe></div><br /><p>You can click the link below if you want to go directly to YouTube :-) </p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/Y9E5E4dRoOQ">https://youtu.be/Y9E5E4dRoOQ</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Product review on a training sword from Ryan Swords. Unsharpened Katana (Iaito), Ryan-1316. Short answer: I’m very pleased with it 🙂 You want the long answer? Go check out the video and I’ll give you an 11 minute rant 😂</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-22751206300439237752022-09-01T20:00:00.001+02:002022-09-01T20:00:19.179+02:00Solo Sword Training [Yedo24Se]<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10q24u9Gf9u7Kjs_ABgRPR2gj1fP5tBEIkRSxgr39TaQFUCDP1ujiUXJMa7BXj0PUslMdEWtFriFEz0jwsORum1hyT1prO5VoHIPfAwph1fqIeFcO-sZ8Ci910x-bj1g3VqPC05rX4niTO3_isqgORAK_2vvyEczlBo1vH0pISASASZKjmMoaaI83AQ/s1280/91F71EE3-B39B-4467-A843-B6F9D1B77B0F.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj10q24u9Gf9u7Kjs_ABgRPR2gj1fP5tBEIkRSxgr39TaQFUCDP1ujiUXJMa7BXj0PUslMdEWtFriFEz0jwsORum1hyT1prO5VoHIPfAwph1fqIeFcO-sZ8Ci910x-bj1g3VqPC05rX4niTO3_isqgORAK_2vvyEczlBo1vH0pISASASZKjmMoaaI83AQ/s320/91F71EE3-B39B-4467-A843-B6F9D1B77B0F.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/RH-CFi5Db7g">https://youtu.be/RH-CFi5Db7g</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RH-CFi5Db7g" width="320" youtube-src-id="RH-CFi5Db7g"></iframe></div><br /> Filmed myself so I could get feedback from my teacher :-) It was a lovely evening with very nice weather :-) In my last two posts I’ve written about Yedo 24 Se it’s history and a list on the different postures (we train each posture as a mini form). It’s still a work in progress and there’s a ton of things that needs improving but I thought you guys and gals might want to see the forms in real life and not just old illustrations :-) I do each one 4 times slow for technique and then 4 times with “intent”. It’s not all 24 here but rather 15 (or 14 as I managed to skip one) <p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-5513844306300759852022-08-24T17:18:00.002+02:002022-08-24T17:19:49.823+02:00Yedo Ishipsa Se (List, illustrations, hangul)<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4QKtq0D1GrRDrKKbpxqzgUdz6XuzXoUQEybgQzybQwdJGyYcgajqMVvDD_Nni7jWG5Ka8OkiB8G6_IWEi5qzdoxH2u9KN3XwL3A7Ku2O-h7TjsH-hUTiRTWdFSzPMX0N9gOcCBstQyxAOBFuC0LCZAn-ihR8-6Qbt0jI8a5IreftBldVDFt5_ALYFgQ/s2627/Yedo%2014.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2627" data-original-width="2440" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4QKtq0D1GrRDrKKbpxqzgUdz6XuzXoUQEybgQzybQwdJGyYcgajqMVvDD_Nni7jWG5Ka8OkiB8G6_IWEi5qzdoxH2u9KN3XwL3A7Ku2O-h7TjsH-hUTiRTWdFSzPMX0N9gOcCBstQyxAOBFuC0LCZAn-ihR8-6Qbt0jI8a5IreftBldVDFt5_ALYFgQ/s320/Yedo%2014.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Open Wing Posture</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>In my last post on Yedo Ishipsa Se (Yedo 24 postures) I shared the historical background, the sources we know of, the introduction into Korean Military Manuals and an overview of the system itself. What I failed to include was a list over the postures. I want to make clear that in the system I practice we regard each "Se" which is often translated as posture as a mini form consisting of 3-8 moves. For instance in the first posture: Keo Jeong Se (Kettle lifting posture) we don't just asume a pose, we move into a starting pose, do a diagonal cut from that pose, into a horizontal cut before ending with a centerline downward cut. 3 techniques for that first "posture". This applies to each and every "posture" in the Ishipsa ban Muye Kyeongdang (which is where I get all my weapon training and muyedobotongji stuff from. As always: I remind everyone I am a yellow belt :-P You should probably keep that in mind :-)</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><p>Before we begin the list I would like to do a brief summary:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>System first written and documented as Cosun Sebup (Korean Sword System) in Mubiji (Wu Bei Zhi)</li><li>Mubiji (Wu Bei Zhi) was published in 1621, author Mo Won-ui (Mao Yan-yi)</li><li>Mo Won-ui claimed system was very very old at the time of writing in 1621</li><li>Introduced in Korean Military Manuals in 1759 (Muye Shinbo/ Martial Arts New Illustrations)</li><li>Authors of Muyedobotongji (published in 1799) writes that origin of system can not be verified beyond Mo Won-ui's book, nor can they say for certain it is of Korean origin, despite its name. </li></ul><div>So below is the list: I will publish the illustration* for the "posture" which is how we start from when we practise, the postures name in Korean and in Hangul, the translation of the posture (most are from Sang H. Kim's translation, some are from my teacher and some are Jack Chen's translations. In the future I want to do a post on each and every one to go more indepth, and with video to show it. I will also do my best to show possible applications to them in the follow up posts. </div><div><br /></div><div>*Note that due to a publishing mistake or something the Sang H. Kim translation of Muyedobotongji has Yedo 9 and 10 illustrations that are not Yedo at all but Ssang Su Do (long sword). I point this out here in case someone is reading that book following along on my writings and then discover something very much out of place. It is not me, its a mistake in the book itself. It goes to show that while it is a wonderful resource, you should not get the "instruction" from that book.</div><div><br /></div><div>1: Keo Jeong Se Kettle Lifting Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">거정세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi4fqfLbZaAisz3ymJRE4haaZwFo-9erSYlmC0JKVDxbZXzXe8siapOO-KHEl8EOaug4CfQ9dmBCKwfR8garpx_jScyI4AJzZF5xjRNc2zVgIPyyYSzZED7bjoPQFQaDLMoG4kblcEGxZ4G6b6S2yKqM95aSETtZExcb5TRJZNctX-sLuw9CmDxIKspw/s2840/Yedo%201.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2840" data-original-width="2022" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi4fqfLbZaAisz3ymJRE4haaZwFo-9erSYlmC0JKVDxbZXzXe8siapOO-KHEl8EOaug4CfQ9dmBCKwfR8garpx_jScyI4AJzZF5xjRNc2zVgIPyyYSzZED7bjoPQFQaDLMoG4kblcEGxZ4G6b6S2yKqM95aSETtZExcb5TRJZNctX-sLuw9CmDxIKspw/s320/Yedo%201.jpg" width="228" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 1</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div>2: Jeom Geom Se Pointed (sword) Thrusting Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">점검세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqAwgMfg7rrGH60L9tP-cyTo1jdKEySv6G8sJJR94vqRKNSZQK40M_njX302NyQ3b9zAt5ljFDkqrt0Xcb3FfelvhIXpVNC2HvCwUu5swW7K4qM33-xUWPR5UW8ECfRRkB2Mqm0ZNhDMfeulORI9dn4QWHDQWisfXLM0mYJF7Wb01JNIwIKmm9OynYw/s2784/Yedo%202.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2784" data-original-width="2541" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqAwgMfg7rrGH60L9tP-cyTo1jdKEySv6G8sJJR94vqRKNSZQK40M_njX302NyQ3b9zAt5ljFDkqrt0Xcb3FfelvhIXpVNC2HvCwUu5swW7K4qM33-xUWPR5UW8ECfRRkB2Mqm0ZNhDMfeulORI9dn4QWHDQWisfXLM0mYJF7Wb01JNIwIKmm9OynYw/s320/Yedo%202.jpg" width="292" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 2</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>3: Jwa Ik Se Left Wing Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">좌익세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTRHFA1HyMalfxiup5OCyQMpVu_9bZvxFWVCvrWbOUV5EqSqlH3qNqX_lDlEC92i4xsNq87YXQvBwL46O6SGs7GE30nvL9WnGpoXz1iCNIJXFhB-Na8Ir6FYaSmqB48CIzER88RaW4OgIUofgfqWIDa1mZ3sKRHqLQ6QLlo_pUlVdAwtFCyYSvO8ocCQ/s2129/Yedo%203.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2129" data-original-width="1717" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTRHFA1HyMalfxiup5OCyQMpVu_9bZvxFWVCvrWbOUV5EqSqlH3qNqX_lDlEC92i4xsNq87YXQvBwL46O6SGs7GE30nvL9WnGpoXz1iCNIJXFhB-Na8Ir6FYaSmqB48CIzER88RaW4OgIUofgfqWIDa1mZ3sKRHqLQ6QLlo_pUlVdAwtFCyYSvO8ocCQ/s320/Yedo%203.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 3</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>4: Pyo Du Se Leopard's Head Strike Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">표두세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmh1Ue5cF2lpx_XOQjLaAlY30-veyKx18KUXNt_4b-RoihmC4XT1-IWOz4W_4gopfAXyAqm-sCERfdRISlW8fZb_AWqnkY8NJKmh7_XdF725AgGRMrOGQkizDmFwPrOBW5crpQaP1EGVUeJuacsmwKfs14QW8EVzSepDCh5Ei6QVgWFpKqdZnv5NODA/s2827/Yedo%204.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2827" data-original-width="2332" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmh1Ue5cF2lpx_XOQjLaAlY30-veyKx18KUXNt_4b-RoihmC4XT1-IWOz4W_4gopfAXyAqm-sCERfdRISlW8fZb_AWqnkY8NJKmh7_XdF725AgGRMrOGQkizDmFwPrOBW5crpQaP1EGVUeJuacsmwKfs14QW8EVzSepDCh5Ei6QVgWFpKqdZnv5NODA/s320/Yedo%204.jpg" width="264" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 4</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>5: Danbok Se Flat Belly Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">단복세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu3Nx6dS7bQTheiTIQkixDVcG-YBaGnY5fHUzsgrmEMIO7CcA7HkRydC5Lk0JVu28IDy62jrLdwCmWMgxuMsoHOUhEzSZj-7pqnAR_0z6_RQmSGhmehZbPA8ZKd62hrx0eI5sSm-ep4WrGeLDt9lciTXv5OCZsowaQIiYyhtgCRSQqSD5rJbZZmuq7YA/s2382/Yedo%205.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2382" data-original-width="2080" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu3Nx6dS7bQTheiTIQkixDVcG-YBaGnY5fHUzsgrmEMIO7CcA7HkRydC5Lk0JVu28IDy62jrLdwCmWMgxuMsoHOUhEzSZj-7pqnAR_0z6_RQmSGhmehZbPA8ZKd62hrx0eI5sSm-ep4WrGeLDt9lciTXv5OCZsowaQIiYyhtgCRSQqSD5rJbZZmuq7YA/s320/Yedo%205.jpg" width="279" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 5</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>6: Kwa U Se Cross Right Posture/ Right Striding Posture <span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">과우세</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2gGSRQJsilGGz5xXl-7Fa-rzaJn-4iJSASpRCnXdMw1FZQHpj0zj3YcVrCRJV4vbTEgqMtTzkXWRUyAVUvjNQEh3El89Y2ijHCU9YMKVY4W-6Uurm6RRxXrE169k09dOlRzL0xlo6ipOWudZFrl3cdl7EFAZe11i4VrPv9IX0rD16GLBDUfDF_MzoQ/s2420/Yedo%206.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2420" data-original-width="2019" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq2gGSRQJsilGGz5xXl-7Fa-rzaJn-4iJSASpRCnXdMw1FZQHpj0zj3YcVrCRJV4vbTEgqMtTzkXWRUyAVUvjNQEh3El89Y2ijHCU9YMKVY4W-6Uurm6RRxXrE169k09dOlRzL0xlo6ipOWudZFrl3cdl7EFAZe11i4VrPv9IX0rD16GLBDUfDF_MzoQ/s320/Yedo%206.jpg" width="267" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 6</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div>7: Yo Ryak Se Control Cut Posture (요략세)</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRafR2t3qIMd1d3_PTWspBYwTgY4tsHFFS_GAMrmqYdmbEXObesyOeMPe9J1reLMy-ARG19whXMJfbxyXQAK4IuvTXtBXTkCFdzOh2gp2gEaUfvMRPLpCBRCIIXn44HrJX4U2nrWun6I17cvk1KmiFY5WduG9VSIVc4RKxxBH3CThIy6bLHU_DfV1fjg/s2634/Yedo%207.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2634" data-original-width="2106" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRafR2t3qIMd1d3_PTWspBYwTgY4tsHFFS_GAMrmqYdmbEXObesyOeMPe9J1reLMy-ARG19whXMJfbxyXQAK4IuvTXtBXTkCFdzOh2gp2gEaUfvMRPLpCBRCIIXn44HrJX4U2nrWun6I17cvk1KmiFY5WduG9VSIVc4RKxxBH3CThIy6bLHU_DfV1fjg/s320/Yedo%207.jpg" width="256" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 7</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>8: Eo Geo Se Wagon Driving Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">어거세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8XL24YyxyKH5gzX6UOTsQCj684LXH232piKtq3DazwqHzZemWKNsCZmGKOIWvAdgbgaBifde7TYBawa-I-9ZBldrPhYGuAyy7RO-yo-3uqVNrYZbUuv6hHNRViBcms3Trf518CyVl2vgIvz3Zw4aiVXOYuKnjQ7Ub9ebJXmwftrlFZnIZh3hAcqpMw/s2415/Yedo%208.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2223" data-original-width="2415" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8XL24YyxyKH5gzX6UOTsQCj684LXH232piKtq3DazwqHzZemWKNsCZmGKOIWvAdgbgaBifde7TYBawa-I-9ZBldrPhYGuAyy7RO-yo-3uqVNrYZbUuv6hHNRViBcms3Trf518CyVl2vgIvz3Zw4aiVXOYuKnjQ7Ub9ebJXmwftrlFZnIZh3hAcqpMw/s320/Yedo%208.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 8</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>9: Jeon Gi Se Flag Opening Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">전기세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9BiDjhXe5LNp4SKVG19jW7piZXVLvfaJVD_IgOS0eA2pSWzHeOMTxSS6X22z-v1JtUimBgH93yas1H0Md1OD8N_2_l7YOyjEJGpkD8nCYAr_sR22fz97k8bEIXqeOCm19GmjlrijoiT5fZ0uGWTiO6h4KabzUDLvwConV8J4XdZcR-higuiqYbraU0w/s1269/Yedo%209.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1269" data-original-width="895" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9BiDjhXe5LNp4SKVG19jW7piZXVLvfaJVD_IgOS0eA2pSWzHeOMTxSS6X22z-v1JtUimBgH93yas1H0Md1OD8N_2_l7YOyjEJGpkD8nCYAr_sR22fz97k8bEIXqeOCm19GmjlrijoiT5fZ0uGWTiO6h4KabzUDLvwConV8J4XdZcR-higuiqYbraU0w/s320/Yedo%209.jpg" width="226" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 9<br /> (note this illustration is from the source material Mubiji, not the Muyedobotongji. The reason for this is that there is an error in the Sang H. Kim publication, so in that publication it shows an illustration from Ssang Su Do (Long sword) which is from an entirely different chapter and has nothing to do with Yedo 24 Se. This does give us a good glimpse into the original illustrations, and you should note that the sword in use here is the "Hwan Do" or Jian, a straight two edged sword. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>10: Kan Su Se Defensive Awareness Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">간수세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbaXm9HcqB4ggUtHHhU5AiXv2r6Vak1LuVbrkPmEVBKCggf8ZeS88ANHkvmTkooENwBQObmfkl-dVfjCK3dG2-dF0Ol6fEq7AadH7XUmjpbLxq0Z5XQyCV_okfh2F-RPa9UjUXT72vx2t7mCiAjhCqDoGtFioVOpzPf5K0rQ17fKpf88xJPQgGlss-7w/s1241/Yedo%2010.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1241" data-original-width="887" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbaXm9HcqB4ggUtHHhU5AiXv2r6Vak1LuVbrkPmEVBKCggf8ZeS88ANHkvmTkooENwBQObmfkl-dVfjCK3dG2-dF0Ol6fEq7AadH7XUmjpbLxq0Z5XQyCV_okfh2F-RPa9UjUXT72vx2t7mCiAjhCqDoGtFioVOpzPf5K0rQ17fKpf88xJPQgGlss-7w/s320/Yedo%2010.jpg" width="229" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 10<br /> (note this illustration is from the source material Mubiji, not the Muyedobotongji. The reason for this is that there is an error in the Sang H. Kim publication, so in that publication it shows an illustration from Ssang Su Do (Long sword) which is from an entirely different chapter and has nothing to do with Yedo 24 Se. This does give us a good glimpse into the original illustrations, and you should note that the sword in use here is the "Hwan Do" or Jian, a straight two edged sword. <br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>11: Eun Mang Se Silver Snake Crawling Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">은망세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOl6_rNvkKYrVjTZYSwE51Zm3cd0doB8LBAmRPLQOi9xBp9ecbZRUBrA8CcJDn6v2IFuzYmNyTdnujOBcxMAezAAlrP7aT9FHumf1N7fUYZdxLpbTT1fnnADwwDVSEoQLEN70z0twaaODefw6YFxhRq4BFfHwakUizeXhUAbzVvrw3MUz9BAG_Urf1Dg/s2535/Yedo%2011.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2228" data-original-width="2535" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOl6_rNvkKYrVjTZYSwE51Zm3cd0doB8LBAmRPLQOi9xBp9ecbZRUBrA8CcJDn6v2IFuzYmNyTdnujOBcxMAezAAlrP7aT9FHumf1N7fUYZdxLpbTT1fnnADwwDVSEoQLEN70z0twaaODefw6YFxhRq4BFfHwakUizeXhUAbzVvrw3MUz9BAG_Urf1Dg/s320/Yedo%2011.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 11</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div>12: Chan Gyeok Se Rubbing and Striking Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">찬격세)</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxMgXeSiTUvwL7tQl_GMIr9zR8tjPoS4_mTazHydljvY2M_Jy6EkCbDj_H9YoqWbRZWp171MBBB7AK0GoH8qOAqeZPqwncazYme_Ifz3gVYHk2hWVXt72P6zwSNO7mDlSHWPegBy3eOyGnYI4aFhrd8RuPkqefccQYUTkal5PxVatq5TPg8-rSQ88BQ/s2561/Yedo%2012.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2561" data-original-width="1957" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguxMgXeSiTUvwL7tQl_GMIr9zR8tjPoS4_mTazHydljvY2M_Jy6EkCbDj_H9YoqWbRZWp171MBBB7AK0GoH8qOAqeZPqwncazYme_Ifz3gVYHk2hWVXt72P6zwSNO7mDlSHWPegBy3eOyGnYI4aFhrd8RuPkqefccQYUTkal5PxVatq5TPg8-rSQ88BQ/s320/Yedo%2012.jpg" width="245" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 12</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>13: Yo Gyeok Se Striking the Waist Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">요격세)</span></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd2kuM2NiI3rVt7B6i6WXZ8ajetHx3p28YrPCRxxwiaq6xO-C2j2oJHi7Cy8ZnsYG9n6aBRgol1X4_7CoURXaB7TbnsPW07aXsSXwE75sAZigk8lX1AJ6Fh6c_UOr0oW-L-9cfUUXpPI_aAktDL2CVld_-HqaUwEin0smZb81IRTvo6ZZzhU1vlJU8ow/s2381/Yedo%2013.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2381" data-original-width="2015" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd2kuM2NiI3rVt7B6i6WXZ8ajetHx3p28YrPCRxxwiaq6xO-C2j2oJHi7Cy8ZnsYG9n6aBRgol1X4_7CoURXaB7TbnsPW07aXsSXwE75sAZigk8lX1AJ6Fh6c_UOr0oW-L-9cfUUXpPI_aAktDL2CVld_-HqaUwEin0smZb81IRTvo6ZZzhU1vlJU8ow/s320/Yedo%2013.jpg" width="271" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 13</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>14: Jeon Shi Se Open Wing Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">전시세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhideJae6LHZ5St-RLXMOC_NDyjoqlTsXKV_xdbDRMbDE795_fQgnfPRitYeTBP0WuUCHrvQajQTiGg6lCll3LNMmudSFodbWOmAaUJMx3FczHD4aBT7ClwH5-gIYuRz0_C91pV-yzzKppz3FAa0-blrg1-OZB6RCGpe5twTWLGdj4k1xb5jA5bhxy3CA/s2627/Yedo%2014.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2627" data-original-width="2440" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhideJae6LHZ5St-RLXMOC_NDyjoqlTsXKV_xdbDRMbDE795_fQgnfPRitYeTBP0WuUCHrvQajQTiGg6lCll3LNMmudSFodbWOmAaUJMx3FczHD4aBT7ClwH5-gIYuRz0_C91pV-yzzKppz3FAa0-blrg1-OZB6RCGpe5twTWLGdj4k1xb5jA5bhxy3CA/s320/Yedo%2014.jpg" width="297" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 14</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>15: U Ik Se Right Wing Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">우익세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirU7da2o9XmUTxzTF_fmIEiFlq4rzORRuoWlxQjmyNlpvemWyunAAnXTuBg9weyx07TPteGbaweKWks_M8u9LKNsxR9F8CXMriPnFd-ocHW7E44UJs_AXgj_Ws92n3PoWdRRsK4v39Fx-0UYULyj0HhHPiyfL4MSKKRVQvtWN3qoDV8X-sGghmQL6nvw/s2175/Yedo%2015.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2175" data-original-width="1809" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirU7da2o9XmUTxzTF_fmIEiFlq4rzORRuoWlxQjmyNlpvemWyunAAnXTuBg9weyx07TPteGbaweKWks_M8u9LKNsxR9F8CXMriPnFd-ocHW7E44UJs_AXgj_Ws92n3PoWdRRsK4v39Fx-0UYULyj0HhHPiyfL4MSKKRVQvtWN3qoDV8X-sGghmQL6nvw/s320/Yedo%2015.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 15</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>16: Ke Gyeok Se Lift and Strike Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">게격세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLGQpdRMC4RSjSMhzi43vmf3CyPyOSCpug3sSmoDfcY8_xfNCiKYYyM066bAJhmKcEfbwvRI8G2jSPnQG2cHgxsJAAy2Ty_46F4aJUstswuHfSVGR1ptgwnRCHBWe0xpJ_Y356e-I2bYGOhLa6o7GO8kaVK_GtDDtidWLJSPxi3_QWkkB04dwYRlEQow/s1619/Yedo%2016.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1619" data-original-width="1529" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLGQpdRMC4RSjSMhzi43vmf3CyPyOSCpug3sSmoDfcY8_xfNCiKYYyM066bAJhmKcEfbwvRI8G2jSPnQG2cHgxsJAAy2Ty_46F4aJUstswuHfSVGR1ptgwnRCHBWe0xpJ_Y356e-I2bYGOhLa6o7GO8kaVK_GtDDtidWLJSPxi3_QWkkB04dwYRlEQow/s320/Yedo%2016.jpg" width="302" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 16</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>17: Jwa Hyeob Se Left Jam and Thrust Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">좌협세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4WyCG7pW0meMvOgiuNWDOc_GRVGME_NUhh0IVvbYhzyLtA7bIKh0rQjGAp4DaEKjwPpXtsvioGsymy3IdbCH4jZz52tYDbQ99FIndvJ5RYJRw4RIKWnc-Ttz6H7HhDYoJBi4zSoWYPwA6cIJ7a23lY1q_j7AHxMbcLKnl4wpwnvCfCzjQWIiZlkrQyw/s2466/Yedo%2017.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2466" data-original-width="2118" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4WyCG7pW0meMvOgiuNWDOc_GRVGME_NUhh0IVvbYhzyLtA7bIKh0rQjGAp4DaEKjwPpXtsvioGsymy3IdbCH4jZz52tYDbQ99FIndvJ5RYJRw4RIKWnc-Ttz6H7HhDYoJBi4zSoWYPwA6cIJ7a23lY1q_j7AHxMbcLKnl4wpwnvCfCzjQWIiZlkrQyw/s320/Yedo%2017.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 17</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>18: Kwa Jwa Se Cross Left Posture/ Left Striding Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">과좌세</span>)</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAtSpJ26fOM6LEFDKKkucLmgGhDwX3g9-kMd7H4GPfp_78X7aXnwtGTeqMYMSP8kC4__50BcugUMlAj1QKWhjwWmU2yEa_yQSE914YguIu8tGWJgcyXrxummbxAHIcrGXv7zzhk7Xks_sp9AarS4yzk5Fdit9441O5uNUCBTGiLpPzZpT8219mKFHMiA/s2638/Yedo%2018.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2638" data-original-width="2160" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAtSpJ26fOM6LEFDKKkucLmgGhDwX3g9-kMd7H4GPfp_78X7aXnwtGTeqMYMSP8kC4__50BcugUMlAj1QKWhjwWmU2yEa_yQSE914YguIu8tGWJgcyXrxummbxAHIcrGXv7zzhk7Xks_sp9AarS4yzk5Fdit9441O5uNUCBTGiLpPzZpT8219mKFHMiA/s320/Yedo%2018.jpg" width="262" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 18</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>19: Heun Gyeok Se Jab and Strike Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">흔격세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVr5OEeKZR5qenI1XdtnKHCeyoP1Vlci4u5TlNq6SUZ64L2JRLggR35aXbM0q1t0LprxrsZi9AT_5QcdcQgZQuV4sSQI6I7UpkmBPyQwebJCy3q-GuEuTmd3SKwqwfv51JzWF_w3n3A5F6WP60TfKTGhXkeC1Ui_O-XTLazKSn7P6FGaheDOMxd2-BQ/s2242/Yedo%2019.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2242" data-original-width="1929" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVr5OEeKZR5qenI1XdtnKHCeyoP1Vlci4u5TlNq6SUZ64L2JRLggR35aXbM0q1t0LprxrsZi9AT_5QcdcQgZQuV4sSQI6I7UpkmBPyQwebJCy3q-GuEuTmd3SKwqwfv51JzWF_w3n3A5F6WP60TfKTGhXkeC1Ui_O-XTLazKSn7P6FGaheDOMxd2-BQ/s320/Yedo%2019.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 19</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>20: Yeong Nin Se Reverse Scale Thrusting Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">역린세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikAVIDp8fcB_oIY-XkQiIb2QLVqd8NJrj92BtSes4y7FMtUcFcFXg7InTHcCvu631N96mun4nRh2-Ww-3-z5tfAUea4wk06-UU2XeZ-hbpctfscFPr7oljLtzPAzlv76m7DylsN01-aCJiSpaRfRstQBmkJC0zRA3pxICQIwFXnaGz08LaEDWEfXO1Ug/s2563/Yedo%2020.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2563" data-original-width="2128" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikAVIDp8fcB_oIY-XkQiIb2QLVqd8NJrj92BtSes4y7FMtUcFcFXg7InTHcCvu631N96mun4nRh2-Ww-3-z5tfAUea4wk06-UU2XeZ-hbpctfscFPr7oljLtzPAzlv76m7DylsN01-aCJiSpaRfRstQBmkJC0zRA3pxICQIwFXnaGz08LaEDWEfXO1Ug/s320/Yedo%2020.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 20</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>21: Yeom Shi Se Fold the Wings and Strike Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">염시세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXYk3o609qPdHrY6DYJi0kX1t00A5CpyrYrDnZ9xH9KJwDkGTAUTWZnaRtrRV02xB7DxexfXGb8uw_mPVOwP4oF0WU0JiZyIYPlw_kUQcLztTPymvkonPx2LHKvkS7wJYS392tlwP7hl5wGaNm8Wai5SWu5gZKJNn_K-kMkWMwJYc6m4m2q4X-fnihcA/s2638/Yedo%2021.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2638" data-original-width="2131" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXYk3o609qPdHrY6DYJi0kX1t00A5CpyrYrDnZ9xH9KJwDkGTAUTWZnaRtrRV02xB7DxexfXGb8uw_mPVOwP4oF0WU0JiZyIYPlw_kUQcLztTPymvkonPx2LHKvkS7wJYS392tlwP7hl5wGaNm8Wai5SWu5gZKJNn_K-kMkWMwJYc6m4m2q4X-fnihcA/s320/Yedo%2021.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 21</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>22: U Hyeob Se Right Jam and Thrust Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">우협세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3qmX9vgoSppfL4wolBzelT8hYtnGRsLgDj1RYDAw6LIxCzv9aNDOlNwUwtD8KNLx6oM--sTwttsSnnNzMqaC1krFEB6GP7WbL8pJGKbpbCPE3perBqekrb2vt-5LIS5Ru7st9qYbIx-MyzmptNJCTdNxzKkMQ2MhZvA-lmK1tSXpKG_d-Xk2Bd1meeg/s2865/Yedo%2022.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2865" data-original-width="1988" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3qmX9vgoSppfL4wolBzelT8hYtnGRsLgDj1RYDAw6LIxCzv9aNDOlNwUwtD8KNLx6oM--sTwttsSnnNzMqaC1krFEB6GP7WbL8pJGKbpbCPE3perBqekrb2vt-5LIS5Ru7st9qYbIx-MyzmptNJCTdNxzKkMQ2MhZvA-lmK1tSXpKG_d-Xk2Bd1meeg/s320/Yedo%2022.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 22</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>23:Bong Du Se Pheonix Washing Her Head Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: #f0f0f0; font-size: 18px;">봉두세</span>)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBaMTGRRHGKB_jyeOHDXYZwaYnOyDWZoPed9BH9TbdkzyxVPdrltfUIxQNBrlTzAvLutBQ-uau7eVTzOunDcz2RInYYMqVzyaCs7I06qw9HWxX2dC9ajJh2awKnX7fLP5kRqlW1-9Km0HvJked0qkN5FvCXO7E5hOWlnVBRxjmInhdRsljJPng6cSrFw/s2341/Yedo%2023.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2341" data-original-width="2295" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBaMTGRRHGKB_jyeOHDXYZwaYnOyDWZoPed9BH9TbdkzyxVPdrltfUIxQNBrlTzAvLutBQ-uau7eVTzOunDcz2RInYYMqVzyaCs7I06qw9HWxX2dC9ajJh2awKnX7fLP5kRqlW1-9Km0HvJked0qkN5FvCXO7E5hOWlnVBRxjmInhdRsljJPng6cSrFw/s320/Yedo%2023.jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 23</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>24: Hoing Chung Se Horizontal Thrusting and Striking Posture (<span face="-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;">횡충세</span>)</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQsrpZmLbxge9EInnySmIYrT58HaxRmrDl_SD14yKiJ4mmRH_BmhVVfUfzw95O_JT8S9mjKtUm1OOAImnfKs61aW8BOpszKy0qlsOySt77-TWCFuLkSJA4jXOFXAxubM5zWeO2P-LcAw-Bka7noobi-47EOmz6zAe2quC-X4_H3HgD-RadNbJcvnSFWQ/s1793/Yedo%2024.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1793" data-original-width="1476" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQsrpZmLbxge9EInnySmIYrT58HaxRmrDl_SD14yKiJ4mmRH_BmhVVfUfzw95O_JT8S9mjKtUm1OOAImnfKs61aW8BOpszKy0qlsOySt77-TWCFuLkSJA4jXOFXAxubM5zWeO2P-LcAw-Bka7noobi-47EOmz6zAe2quC-X4_H3HgD-RadNbJcvnSFWQ/s320/Yedo%2024.jpg" width="263" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 24</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In addition to these 24 postures, the Muyedobotongji introduces a few new ones which is unique to Korean Millitary Manuals and is not something from Mubiji (Wu Bei Zhi) so that the Yedo Chung Bo (complete illustrations) which was in this case based on contemporary practises (as practised in 1790) instead of the older system that was these 24 postures could be made sense out of. Below are name, illustration and explanation for each of them, taken from Sang H. Kim's translation:</div><div><br /></div><div>25: The Taeah Dotase is the Posture of Left Hand Sword and Vertical Right Hand. This posture is used to get into the center of the fighting zone. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHNsgGqdA_igsuZ6_pKFmIpiFV48aqH2VmBh5B3TcJ7F9HqKq4SmRKaWY5bwgEUdU7xMixfq6j9cVI3_M-kkzJPiE7rpKmF9Y7s94ftsmBn-vTzTPr6bv4nwK5b0zCJ9FGjuAUxOnDzurnnIyCbDsI68kEW-QngE2DSqG-z2Vx5lTpwfkeoTU9FUt-hQ/s2492/Yedo%2025.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2492" data-original-width="1827" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHNsgGqdA_igsuZ6_pKFmIpiFV48aqH2VmBh5B3TcJ7F9HqKq4SmRKaWY5bwgEUdU7xMixfq6j9cVI3_M-kkzJPiE7rpKmF9Y7s94ftsmBn-vTzTPr6bv4nwK5b0zCJ9FGjuAUxOnDzurnnIyCbDsI68kEW-QngE2DSqG-z2Vx5lTpwfkeoTU9FUt-hQ/s320/Yedo%2025.jpg" width="235" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 25</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>26: The Yosun Chamsae is the Right Sword Throwing Posture. This posture is used to put the left hand on the waist and throw the sword with the right hand in the air approximately one foot above the head, making the sword circle and fall. Then gently move one step forward and grab the sword. Repeat this technique 3 times.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHescaIJylSRTequm5zNNFBYQYyHpxt96uh_VGK3ChYUOnyEOgwhDpzysL8ZIRqlsUs5JvEU4fgqB_gXjhTIzjGDVNQk2MfNMYZPmjn9KgeB4WZnJOkNSRjmvb_ca17hjQB9orqAkrGzUPxVfsjwdpfuna-FizwfFjlN377dObrNwnbJEIfDNJvEoxNA/s2986/Yedo%2026.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2986" data-original-width="1637" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHescaIJylSRTequm5zNNFBYQYyHpxt96uh_VGK3ChYUOnyEOgwhDpzysL8ZIRqlsUs5JvEU4fgqB_gXjhTIzjGDVNQk2MfNMYZPmjn9KgeB4WZnJOkNSRjmvb_ca17hjQB9orqAkrGzUPxVfsjwdpfuna-FizwfFjlN377dObrNwnbJEIfDNJvEoxNA/s320/Yedo%2026.jpg" width="175" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 26</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>27: The Yangkak Jochunse is the Kneeling Sword Circling Posture. This method is used to retreat from the center of the combat zone.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSgLfuCIrkGY-Eo5pZX5zG_yyri6ypGU49pE1d5_Gj-r-CtUPzBMSVMNFQGD53H3bvbXs26dTDQ1XWcp907dVny48x65CtZIJUYczbdz-seld34kSf_W75AVm_qWx10pgdCrDHQUs5v3JqpsmgVZJT1l_EY_dkSZl-wDjNFHoeCnK_95vLAgci7T7xUA/s2566/Yedo%2027.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2566" data-original-width="2192" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSgLfuCIrkGY-Eo5pZX5zG_yyri6ypGU49pE1d5_Gj-r-CtUPzBMSVMNFQGD53H3bvbXs26dTDQ1XWcp907dVny48x65CtZIJUYczbdz-seld34kSf_W75AVm_qWx10pgdCrDHQUs5v3JqpsmgVZJT1l_EY_dkSZl-wDjNFHoeCnK_95vLAgci7T7xUA/s320/Yedo%2027.jpg" width="273" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 27</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>28: The Kumkang Bowoonse is the High Sword Swinging Posture. This posture is used to turn around three times to look around to the left and right. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvVlMFNjZtniZDzNvBFhgwpV4iXqNw90ftKtzgwH3oWwgIyRrcoECCi3KQnkTQCBISQPC4q3DDo0QPU8m1c1yTceF9ZxmSia2QJVQBuLW8OXU-wJ0KEIKBnpnZ9xk92xW1GtE_TnRQ7XUsrIMBM4ujH6MndXV7LzhS8eLapx9fIAy7W7rhetUS2MtWfQ/s2745/Yedo%2028.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2745" data-original-width="1840" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvVlMFNjZtniZDzNvBFhgwpV4iXqNw90ftKtzgwH3oWwgIyRrcoECCi3KQnkTQCBISQPC4q3DDo0QPU8m1c1yTceF9ZxmSia2QJVQBuLW8OXU-wJ0KEIKBnpnZ9xk92xW1GtE_TnRQ7XUsrIMBM4ujH6MndXV7LzhS8eLapx9fIAy7W7rhetUS2MtWfQ/s320/Yedo%2028.jpg" width="214" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Yedo 28</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>If I ever learn it I will readress these ones when we get there :-) So far I am comfortable with the first 15 or so postures in the older system (Yedo24se) and will stick with them until I learn more :-) Should keep us going for a long time though :-P </div><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-56083784003562629482022-08-14T21:45:00.005+02:002022-08-15T21:35:41.168+02:00Yedo24se (short sword 24 forms) history and background<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpe-tkjIJ19grj7QI0rJSfRcIy1ZHGICxI2czQhmd99kxaysafMmlDSv8g2vIVtUI2wWCv7IQvZTcKMKnC0iJCvEsi2Bn6EVkGtOMOrmQQSxb-_2RiDPoviUWVBxWN4aQGB0Ss0dBhyXTfGRA2n02f4KRARFfl4swNEN2-e1RnMiVTNPaJNxAXpZOLjw/s2048/Bilde%20vannmerke%20bok%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpe-tkjIJ19grj7QI0rJSfRcIy1ZHGICxI2czQhmd99kxaysafMmlDSv8g2vIVtUI2wWCv7IQvZTcKMKnC0iJCvEsi2Bn6EVkGtOMOrmQQSxb-_2RiDPoviUWVBxWN4aQGB0Ss0dBhyXTfGRA2n02f4KRARFfl4swNEN2-e1RnMiVTNPaJNxAXpZOLjw/s320/Bilde%20vannmerke%20bok%201.jpg" width="240" /></a> I've written before about my study into weapons and how I relate that to "my" taekwondo. The last two years I have delved deeper down into that rabbit hole and I have gotten much more hands on instruction (as well as a lot of online training) and so I wanted to start sharing this aspect on this blog too. If you think that is inapropriate as this is a taekwondo blog please say so in the comments and if I get a lot of feedback like that I will open a seperate blog on that aspect of my training and study. If I don't hear anything I will just keep posting that stuff here as well as what people consider "taekwondo". After all this is a blog on "my" Taekwondo so in my mind it fits right in here :-) </div><p></p><p>This time I would like to write a little bit about Yedo Ishipsa Se (Yedo = Short sword, Ishipsa =24 and Se = posture loosely translated). This is a system consisting of 24 illustrations that first appears in print in 1621 in Wu Bei Zhi or as the Korean calls it the Mubiji. The book is an incredible big publication, and it is said to be the biggest Chinese military writing of all time. In it the author Mao Yan-yi (or Mo Won-ui in Korean) includes an art he labels Choson Sebup (Korean Sword Technique). </p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><p>He (Mon Won-ui/ Mao Yan-yi) writes and this is a quote from Sang. H. Kim's translation of the Muyedobotongji on page 142: <i>"Mo Won-ui said: The olden sword was used in combat. The founding king of the Tang Dynasty had 1 000 swordsmen. Now the methods are not passed on. There are some writings about the sword methods in the Kanjanpyun, but they are not accurate. Recently an ambitious man aquired the secret methods from Chosun and they are well systematized."</i></p><p>Mao/Mo presents this Korean system as quite old at the time of his writing in 1621. The authors of Muyedobotongji writing in 1789-1790 says that it is impossible to really say how old the system is, and who taught who and by whom, and where. Personally I fail to see a good reason for Mao Yan-yi a Chinese to accredit the sword system to Korea (Chosun) unless there was something to it. Acrediting stuff to China was all the rage and fashionable at the time in South East Asia, a longstanding trend that reached as far as modern Martial Arts styles (looking at you Tang Su Do) but for a Chinese to make some false history up to make something Korean? The age of the system however is up for debate, but it has to have been systematized prior to 1621, and at least a few well good years before that in my subjective speculative opinion. The authors of Muyedobotongji rised the question if the system was Korean at all though, so I might be mistaken in this but I see no reason why it shouldn't be a Korean system of the sword documented in a Chinese text. </p><p>Chosun Sebup (What would later be known as Yedo Ishipsa Se) had its first appearance in a Korean military manual in Muye Shinbo (New Military Illustrations) published in 1759, and then reappeared in the Korean Military Manual Muyedobotongji (Military Complete Illustrations) published in 1799. </p><p>Somewhere between 1759 and 1799 in a period of 40 years the training evolved in Korea, so that at the time the Muyedobotongji was published (1799) the Yedo system had evolved into one long continous form that was different (although still based upon) Mao Yan-yi/ Mo Won-ui writings. Therefore the authors of Muyedobotongji included both systems under the chapter dealing with Yedo. I have included a quote from Muyedobotongji, the translation by Sang H. Kim page 19: <i>"The illustrations of the Yedo techniques were made according to the methods of Mo Won-ui, which where very different from those which are practised today. Thus, the complete illustrations* found in this volume have been publised based upon contemporary practises. Additionally, Mo's interpretations are included so that those who have already learned his style should not forget what they learned and those who do not know it can learn the existance of it.</i></p><p><i>*</i>in the martial arts system I study where I get all this Muyedobotongji weapons stuff from we have today two Yedo systems, one is Yedo Ishipsa Se which consists of 24 postures (each posture is more like a mini form consisting of small sequences from 3 to 8 techniques) and one is called Yedo Chong Bu. Yedo Chong Bu is Yedo complete illustrations at the end of the Yedo Chapter in the Muyedobotongji which the authors reference in the quote above. Yedo Chong Bu is a long continuous form. The martial arts system I study is the Muye Ishipsaban Kyeongdang for those who are wondering by the way :-) I am now a proud yellow belt after dabling for 15 years. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOiwzUR_q5jb91K5QFcz9cS1KeSX5PczAaQw5HIPBc0DKFhY855RurJVjJUhiAifn0YZq1EuSHopBGExxZ6bVH89VLFYDZu48Zm2TYQtpYBpwYwiGws-y_5KVLLDSN2MnSDpDPoMzLmVs7a2qReuF_OzDI1EgmcdEwKfyypjAkySyXgEHe_lcOW60zA/s960/vannmerke%20bok%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOiwzUR_q5jb91K5QFcz9cS1KeSX5PczAaQw5HIPBc0DKFhY855RurJVjJUhiAifn0YZq1EuSHopBGExxZ6bVH89VLFYDZu48Zm2TYQtpYBpwYwiGws-y_5KVLLDSN2MnSDpDPoMzLmVs7a2qReuF_OzDI1EgmcdEwKfyypjAkySyXgEHe_lcOW60zA/s320/vannmerke%20bok%202.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In the Yedo chapter we get an overview of the sword system. For many years I have only had the translation of the Muyedobotongji by Sang H. Kim. I love the fact that he translated the book, as having something is a lot better than nothing, but he did at the same time take a few short cuts or perhaps the publisher did. For once, he makes no attempt at translating a lot of korean terms in the text. That doesn't sound very bad until you hear that he also (or the publisher) chose to not include the Hangul or Hanja that would have let any researcher and practisioner interested in further study and research do it for themselves. Also at least in the Yedo chapter there is a very bad error done where at least two illustrations for the 24 postures have been switched with two unrelated illustrations from another chapter dealing with another martial arts system entirely :-/ Luckily Jack Chen form Chinese Longswords have done some translation on the original text from the Mubiji/Wu Bei Zhi that the Muyedobotongji is quoting so with Jack Chen's translation in addition to Sang H. Kim's translation we can now see something about the system itself and not just the postures used :-) Below is a quote from Muyedobotongji Sang H. Kim's translation with <u>underlined words being Jack Chen's translations.</u></p><p>Muyedobotongji page 142:</p><p><i>There are four strategic fighting methods in Chosun:</i></p><p><i>1: Ahnbup <u>Observation techniques</u></i></p><p><i>2: Kyukbup <u>Striking techniques</u></i></p><p><i>3: Sebup <u>Deflecting techniques</u></i></p><p><i>4: Jabup <u>Thrusting techniques</u></i></p><p><i><u><br /></u></i></p><p><i>There are five categories in Kyukbup <u>Striking techniques</u></i></p><p><i>1: Pyodoo kyuk <u>Leopard-Head strike</u></i></p><p><i>2: Kwa joa kyuk <u>Step-Across Left strike</u></i></p><p><i>3: Kwa woo kyuk <u>Step-Across Right strike</u></i></p><p><i>4: Ikjoa kyuk <u>Left Wing strike</u></i></p><p><i>5: ikwoo kyuk <u>Right Wing strike</u></i></p><p><br /></p><p><i>There are five categories in Jabup <u>Thrusting Techniques</u></i></p><p><i>1: Yukrin ja <u>Reverse-Scales thrust</u></i></p><p><i>2: Danbok ja <u>Flat-Stomach thrust</u></i></p><p><i>3: Ssang myung ja <u>Double-Clear thrust</u></i></p><p><i>4: Joa hyup ja <u>Left-Clamp thrust</u></i></p><p><i>5: Woo hyup ja <u>Right-Clamp thrust</u></i></p><p><i>There are three categories in Sebup <u>Deflecting techniques</u></i></p><p><i>1: Bongdoo se <u>Phoenix-Head deflect</u></i></p><p><i>2: Ho Hyul se <u>Tiger's Den deflect</u></i></p><p><i>3: Dungmoon se <u>Soaring Dragons deflect</u></i></p><p>After studying this and comparing to Jack Chen's work it dawned on me that either something was missing in the Muyedobotongji, or perhaps there was something wrong with Sang H. Kim's translation (as I said, I have found other mistakes in it) or perhaps there was some material from the Mubiji/ Wu Bei Zhi that did not make it into the Korean manuals (Muye Shinbo and Muyedobotongji) for some reason. Anyway below is a quote purely from Jack Chen's work from the Wu Bei Zhi/ Mubiji page 19:</p><p><i>"blocking techniques</i></p><p><i>1: Raise Cauldron block</i></p><p><i>2: Whirlwind block</i></p><p><i>3: Drive-Wagon block"</i></p><p>The reason I include these lists here in the post will perhaps become clearer once we start looking at the 24 postures themselves, but these names give some inclings into how the postures should be used. For instance Yedo number 1 is called lifting the couldron and as it is listed here under "blocking techniques" raise cauldron block you would keep that in mind when applying the posture. Likewise Yedo number 4 Pyo Du Se Leapord Head striking posture is listed under kyukbup or strikes, so you would expect the move to contain a strike from its opening posture and so on. The attacks being defended against is not made clear, nor is the weapons we are dealing with. The applications I have been taught are usually from a centre line decending cut or strike, and sometimes a thrust, but seeing as this is a battlefield military system I can not stress enough that we should keep an open mind here and look for ways to deal with whatever the soldiers at the time had to deal with. Luckily you can go to Muyedobotongji to find inspiraiton for that as the book deals with 24 martial arts (swords, sword and shield, a whole array of spears, sticks, flails, polearms etc. </p><p>In the hopefully near future I will get into the different postures as I have been taught them, relating them back to the Muyedobotongji for fun, and hopefully even share some thoughts on applications. One thing is for sure, I have been practising them a lot lately (dreaming of that green belt man... :-P ) and I have to say they are great exersice for the whole body. Especially when you pair them with the Wae Geom forms as well for added spice and endurance :-) One way I like to do them in practise is each posture 8 times; 4 slow reps and then 4 fast reps. Once all have been dealt with this way I link them into each other one time just for a bonus walkthrough. This takes me roughly 30 minutes to complete. I have done this daily lately which is also why I felt inspired into sharing some of its background and overview today :-) </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-23791632878962596522021-12-12T18:55:00.003+01:002021-12-12T18:55:10.654+01:00Short discussion on the learning of PoomsaeI have thought about this on and off for a very long time now. Actually I started thinking about this at the very beginning of when it dawned on me how Poomsae contained so much more than block kick punch methods of how to deal with combat. I quickly realized that the most logical way of training and teaching Poomsae was with application being taught first or at least along side the form move for move. This was later "confirmed" or at least some Karate researchers agreed with me (Patrick Mcarthy for instance) that Kata was taught after the applications had been mastered, as a way to remember them and as a solo excersise format. I have sometimes thought that if I ever get to "master level" (that would be 4th Dan in my org) I should start my own Dojang or perhaps take much more responsibility in the one I currently train and study in, and one thing I was wondering was if I should revamp the way we teach Poomsae. I have shared the way I view Taegeuk Il Jang quite extensively so my future students could in theory learn at least one "good" application for each move in the Poomsae with partner drills and live testing of some if not all applications very soon after they started training. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
I recently listened to a podcast done by Iain Abernethy where he outlined how he believes Kata should be taught and studdied. I whish for a more poomsae-centric syllabus in the future where we have a clear and logical link and progression from basics to form, to self defense to sparring to breaking. Instead of having Poomsae or forms as one pillar just as much as the other pillars, I would like to have Poomsae as the very foundation which all else is buildt. I want to stress the mediative and health aspects of Poomsae but I also want to stress the practical knowledge we can learn from them. Iain Abernethy does use Kata as the foundation of what he does so I think it is very interesting to hear what he has to say.<br />
<br />
Iain Abernethy`s 4 stages of Kata:<br />
<ol>
<li>Solo form</li>
<li>Applications of the form</li>
<li>Understand the underlying principles</li>
<li>Kata based sparring (live training)</li>
</ol>
As I understand the stages based on his books, articles and podcasts, his first step is to learn the solo performance of the form. I find it interesting that he chooses this as the first and not second stage to Kata training, since in one of his later podcasts he reveals that the student learns only half a form with the attached partner drills derived from the form up until that point. Seems he is indeed teaching applications side by side with the solo form, but anyway he says that we first learn the solo form.<br />
<br />
Second stage he teaches the applications to the forms. Here he has primary applications for each and every move of the form being taught which follows the way the form itself is done.<br />
<br />
Third stage he teaches to understand the underlying principles, vary the applications, experiment play around with them and learn why the applications being taught work.<br />
<br />
Fourth stage he tests the applications against an uncooperative partner who also tries to test his skills on you. His Kata based sparring is interesting as sparring is something I would really have to revamp if I am ever going to have that clear link between the forms on one side and self defense on the other. The sparring we do at the Dojang I currently study and train in is heavily based on competition sparring, allthough we do use our hands more, there is no grabbing, no sweeps, no grappling and no face punches. <br />
<br />
In the Podcast he also quoted Ohtsuka (founder of Wado-Ryu Karate) as saying Karate progresses from Kata to Kumite to Combat. Or from Forms to sparring to combat. I like that quote a lot and it shows how sparring and forms should be linked together quite nicely. He also quoted Funakoshi as saying "Sparring does not exist apart from kata, but rather for the practise of Kata. Again we see how in the minds of the old masters (the Teachers of the root martial arts of Taekwondo) sparring and forms vere closely linked. I dont remember ever seeing a reference of them stating that forms was the same as sparring, but we see many statements linking the two together. Today this link is hard to see if not non existant. Olympic sparring has evolved so far away from Poomsae that the two are no longer linked to any degree. The individual tactics are different, the strategy is different and even the context is very different. <br />
<br />
But how does Iain Abernethy`s 4 stages of Kata compare to how the Kukkiwon Textbook says Poomsae is to be studdied?<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(Quote from Kukkiwon Textbook page 306 Training of Poomsae)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pattern. The first step of training Poomsae is to learn the pattern. Concentration of spirit, eyes, angles of movement must be emphasized in addition to the accuracy of actions.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Significance. In the next step, the emphasis must be laid on the balance, strength and weakness, low or high speed, respiration and Poomsae line. The significance of movements, connection of pooms and the complete Poomsae must be learned correctly. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Practical use. One must adapt what he has learned to his practical use, finding out the practicability.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">4)<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Self style. One must evaluate his findings about the effectiveness of what he has learned, comparing with his or her bodily structure, speed, strength, impulsive power, point of emphasis in training etc., and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>modorate the techniques into his own style.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">5)<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Completion. One achieves a synthetic accomplishment of Poomsae training bye mastering the art of taekwondo techniques including taekwondo spirit (end quote).</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<em><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></em> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<br /><br />The first stage and second stage both refer to learning the solo performance of the form. The first stage of the form is dealing with the "raw material" learning what techniques to do and when to<br />do them while the second stage is "finetuning". When do you go fast, and when do you go slow. <br />Perfecting the balance while shifting in and out of stances, and turning etc. Form most <br />Taekwondoin this is where it all starts and stops. The rest of the knowledge of how to apply <br />Taekwondo comes from seperate drills and an unrelated form of sparring, + self defense techinques not linked back to the form.<br />The third stage is what I find is the hardest one to get to in modern Taekwondo. If you are not taught how to do this you need to take charge of your own Taekwondo Development and do it yourself. This stage is directly linked to the Second of Iain Abernethy`s stage.<br />
The fourth stage is a very interesting one. Some applications will suit some people more than <br />others. If you are short and bulky, have above average strength you will not fight like a tall thin<br />man with below avarage strength. I intepret this stage to be the same as Iain`s stage three in that <br />you are in fact studying the underlying principles and chose what suits you personally. While the<br />Kukkiwon Texbook says we should do this, I have never seen any seminar or other resources produced by the Kukkiwon that actually teaches these concepts when it comes to Poomsae training.<br /><br /><br /> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i> </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-86085805663436201002021-03-04T15:15:00.004+01:002021-03-04T15:15:58.373+01:00[Norwegian lang] Live stream Taekwondo History Part 2: Founding of Kwan & modern development of TKD<p><a href="https://youtu.be/zHlCRICdwOk">https://youtu.be/zHlCRICdwOk</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyY2hPstUG25Aw6q2zp3IMZ_WWipT8W9RJi6hfncXL6lm5DCbzpWJ6DmsKEgzDKkqv_jS349n_XRhanye4ouAORxM5Z-jrUYzJufPUmlZGOr6P6xHdfx4Ow94qRpPxficKDF3_JSPlauty/s1280/C622BBAA-2E57-4072-9602-5182E24DF5DB.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyY2hPstUG25Aw6q2zp3IMZ_WWipT8W9RJi6hfncXL6lm5DCbzpWJ6DmsKEgzDKkqv_jS349n_XRhanye4ouAORxM5Z-jrUYzJufPUmlZGOr6P6xHdfx4Ow94qRpPxficKDF3_JSPlauty/s320/C622BBAA-2E57-4072-9602-5182E24DF5DB.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>Here in Norwegian language I pick up from last time starting with the founding of the different major Kwan (schools) in the 1940s and 50s and then go on to tak about the development of modern Taekwondo, the Korean Tang Soo Do, Taekwondo, Tae Soo Do and back to Taekwondo Association, it’s counterpart The Korean Soo Bahk Do Association, the development of Korean forms Hyung, Tul, Poomsae, the development of modern competition sparring and kicking techniques and then I show examples of stuff we train today in our syllabus in traditional Taekwondo Union from older Korean martial arts manuals and Karate manuals. </p><p><br /></p><p>I am thinking of doing this again it in English as there has been some interest in this material :-)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zHlCRICdwOk" width="320" youtube-src-id="zHlCRICdwOk"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-63495898227056099522021-02-13T15:39:00.003+01:002021-02-13T15:39:46.043+01:00[Norwegian language] Live Stream Taekwondo history part 1<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNU5C_Hbo00RdfdBCk_BiATr337hMy0O6lH8owh0rxidsNiMipy6tFU8tBjnfGSeqQImNWjckrmp_46YYkuLDvJy2ReWuIwxNvbNwfUdMm6Na4fk62__GzMUqM8xEYv89dLwvRVmQlQcho/s1281/151E1A46-56C9-45BB-9232-0BC17059A362.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNU5C_Hbo00RdfdBCk_BiATr337hMy0O6lH8owh0rxidsNiMipy6tFU8tBjnfGSeqQImNWjckrmp_46YYkuLDvJy2ReWuIwxNvbNwfUdMm6Na4fk62__GzMUqM8xEYv89dLwvRVmQlQcho/s320/151E1A46-56C9-45BB-9232-0BC17059A362.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/dEbFm-tVCpU">https://youtu.be/dEbFm-tVCpU</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dEbFm-tVCpU" width="320" youtube-src-id="dEbFm-tVCpU"></iframe></div><br /><p>I just got ordered to stay relaxed and not train for one week. I already has planned the regular training session I run every Friday so I simply changed it to a theory lesson on Taekwondo history. It’s all in Norwegian so if you know Norwegian Swedish or danish you’ll be OK :-) If not let me know if you want me to do it in English in the future. </p><p><br /></p><p>This talk covers military and civilian classical martial arts, the development and rise of modern Mudo/Budo, the formation of karate styles and their founders as relevant for Taekwondo history, Koreans in Japan, Koreans in China, development and founding of the Kwan (plural). I have A LOT more material so I’ll have to do a follow up with the rest (1950s to present day). </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-7704584367001172662021-02-07T11:56:00.003+01:002021-02-07T11:56:31.114+01:00Chulgi Chudan Hyung, essential learning for traditional minded Taekwondo students<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg-ZUPKmussZZbN4Ctg1m2bbYUycqBB2SLBvQEC-sSm0VPDULxyF-GPNQLsRvDVyb2CfWpQRXGPPvsIqwPuNTybICaJJloxjYDDSogl0Uv3TcE2Xl3wlQJD9hMl0zcvOjWP6Aw0JZNm3V3/s1080/00104079-D4E7-49D1-935E-178898D0F5DC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg-ZUPKmussZZbN4Ctg1m2bbYUycqBB2SLBvQEC-sSm0VPDULxyF-GPNQLsRvDVyb2CfWpQRXGPPvsIqwPuNTybICaJJloxjYDDSogl0Uv3TcE2Xl3wlQJD9hMl0zcvOjWP6Aw0JZNm3V3/s320/00104079-D4E7-49D1-935E-178898D0F5DC.png" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/pKV1aHodp40">https://youtu.be/pKV1aHodp40</a></p><p><br /></p>I just did a “webinar” where I did a complete tutorial on Chulgi Chudan Hyung. In my opinion if you ever only learn one form outside of your curriculum you should really consider making that one form this one. It served for 100s of years as the foundation form for the root arts of Taekwondo all the way back to the time of “Tode” Sakugawa. <p></p><p>It is also known as Kima and Naebojin Hyung in Korea or Naihanchi/Naifanchin and Tekki in Karate styles. </p><p><br /></p><p>In the webinar we go through opening and closing meditation, some sparring footwork and dynamic stretching and some kicking (there are no high kicks in Chulgi Chudan Hyung so I did include them in the training session so we got a complete Taekwondo training) and then most of the session focuses on learning the form itself. The emphasis is on the solo performance as I’m alone but I do talk a little bit on the practical applications of the form too. </p><p><br /></p><p>I hope you like it, and if you have something else you’d like me to do in the future please leave a comment or PM me :-) </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pKV1aHodp40" width="320" youtube-src-id="pKV1aHodp40"></iframe></div><br /><p><a href="https://youtu.be/pKV1aHodp40">https://youtu.be/pKV1aHodp40</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-3817744512290228542021-01-27T09:16:00.002+01:002021-01-27T09:16:30.468+01:00Online workshop English language 02 Feb anouncement <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqHgnpz-jEt-0gzmXfccHhyS9Kl1wgJKSb_AXlOsQz6_IZNF1hNrv1obNDlE7LKbo3w8q1P8562HQwyhH70cMZT8bnFEodS9xw5XEsxfyXAW71IxhwKhGEQ_Kl8Ds791f_fcgEH6b5kUHZ/s1281/AA9B1239-FCAF-4803-BCF4-98E056CBAAA4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqHgnpz-jEt-0gzmXfccHhyS9Kl1wgJKSb_AXlOsQz6_IZNF1hNrv1obNDlE7LKbo3w8q1P8562HQwyhH70cMZT8bnFEodS9xw5XEsxfyXAW71IxhwKhGEQ_Kl8Ds791f_fcgEH6b5kUHZ/s320/AA9B1239-FCAF-4803-BCF4-98E056CBAAA4.png" width="320" /></a></div><p><br /></p>On February 2nd 2021 I’ll do a live class/Workshop focusing on teaching Chulgi Chudan Hyung. This form is also known in Korea as Kima and Naebojin too. In Okinawa styles it’s known as Naihanchi or Naifanchin, and in Shotokan it is called Tekki. <p></p><p><br /></p><p>Before the 1900s with the introduction of the 5 Pyungahn/Pinan/Heian forms, Chulgi Chudan Hyung was often the first (and only) form taught in Taekwondo’s root arts. Many early masters emphasised its importance both in training and in application. The workshop will obviously focus on the solo performance of the form. </p><p><br /></p><p>It is being held through Facebook live so go to my blogs Facebook page for more details 👍🏻 hope to see you there ;-) </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/444198043605344/">https://www.facebook.com/events/444198043605344/</a></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-53369614073487765552020-12-06T12:07:00.001+01:002020-12-06T12:07:08.082+01:00Another live training session :-) <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7s74DAxHcfsk3yd_pAuv6WGfqqIyIMg8cGvdAz0r2vsdYNq89cOSlXZpog5j3XlHa7Q6CaKlEI4w_HcQqDTmyPxsrh-nAkvbv6LLiSipI5TxbAfL3xrtp37YxpNd70I73Uu4jQiT6a_VL/s1080/0E8A851C-19B4-48F8-BCDC-AE082A0010EB.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7s74DAxHcfsk3yd_pAuv6WGfqqIyIMg8cGvdAz0r2vsdYNq89cOSlXZpog5j3XlHa7Q6CaKlEI4w_HcQqDTmyPxsrh-nAkvbv6LLiSipI5TxbAfL3xrtp37YxpNd70I73Uu4jQiT6a_VL/s320/0E8A851C-19B4-48F8-BCDC-AE082A0010EB.png" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>I just published my second live training session on YouTube:-) This time I did:</p><p><br /></p><p>- Opening meditation </p><p>- Olympic sparring footwork</p><p>- Dynamic stretching exercises </p><p>- Kicking (front, round, side)</p><p>- Basic Hand techniques in Horse stance</p><p>- Taebaek Poomsae in depth</p><p>- Taegeuk 5-8</p><p>- 2 step sparring 1-5 as practised in the TTU</p><p>- Stretching </p><p>- End of session meditation </p><p><br /></p><p>It’s in Norwegian language but it will be easy to follow along for anyone regardless of language :-) it is live so there is no editing or anything. It is therefore complete with water breaks etc. Just plug and play :-)</p><p><br /></p><p>So If you’re interested go to my YouTube channel here: <a href="https://youtu.be/XtSkHcb7j7o">https://youtu.be/XtSkHcb7j7o</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Or see it here</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XtSkHcb7j7o" width="320" youtube-src-id="XtSkHcb7j7o"></iframe></div><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-43879763396204186722020-12-05T10:12:00.003+01:002020-12-05T10:12:36.080+01:00(Epic) Guest post: The flower boys of old<p> A long time ago (so long I don’t really remember if we were discussing history or what, Øyvind sent me a draft of an article he has started writing about the hwarang. It was easily one of the best pieces of writing I’ve ever read on them, so when he asked me if I remembered the draft he sent me and if I was willing to post his finished article I was overjoyed, humbled and homered all at once :-) I’ve been called a Taekwondo nerd many times, a badge I wear with honour, but Øyvind as you will see operates on a whole new level of greatness :-D This I am sure will be a great read for you, and unlike some people Øyvind has used good sources and critical thinking in his research. Thank you Øyvind :-) </p><p><b style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;">The flower boys of old</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Written by Øyvind Kveine Haugen, independent researcher<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">If you have been involved with taekwondo for any period of time, you will undoubtably have been told that once upon a time, there were these mighty warriors in ancient Korea called "<i>hwarang</i>". They are usually mentioned in the curriculum when trying to explain the ancient roots of the martial art, right after the cave paintings of Goguryeo (37BC-668AD) but before the unification of Silla (668AD) and the Goryeo-Khitan wars (perhaps more correctly explained as a series of unsuccessful attempts of invasion, spanning roughly from 993-1019AD). In the ITF Chang Hon syllabus there's even a <i>hwarang</i> <i>tul</i> (<i>tul</i> being the ITF suffix for their forms, comparable to <i>poomsae </i>in WT style taekwondo), complete with the following description: <i>"It is named after the hwarang group of scholar-warriors that originated in the Silla Dynasty in the early 7th Century."</i> (Taekwondo Wiki).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The <i>hwarang</i> ideal has become a popular symbol in modern Korea. It has been used in the name of the Army Officers Training School, as the name of a high-ranking military decoration, as the name of multiple bars (one of which was frequented quite often during the author's stay in Seoul in 2010-11 due to its 3-hours-long "happy hour"), and generally brings about a sort of national pride mixed with romantic ideals of earlier days, much the same way as <i>Shaolin</i> monks are revered in China. However, this way of thinking about the hwarang is relatively new. It is an idea that has grown parallel to Korean independence after the war, and as far as I have been able to work out, the source of this idea might have been Yi Son-gun (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">李瑄根</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">), who in 1949 published "a study of hwarang-do" (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">花郞道研究</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, <i>hwarangdo yon'gu</i>), which reads like a, frankly, speculative essay on hwarang ethics and ideals, and how these ideals influenced the entire Korean populace in the centuries after.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">So, today I'd like to dig into these scholar-warriors and try to separate facts from fiction. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">All translations are my own unless explicitly noted. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> <span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Let's start with a couple of popular descriptions, to set the mood:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">"The hwarang of Silla was a group of young boys who performed rituals for the Heavens, purified their souls, practiced martial arts and worked to defend their country. Because of their training the hwarang were the best suited to be soldiers and warriors. They were the elite, and the core of Silla's defense, due to their fine personality, honesty and righteousness, and of course their ability to defend themselves and others."</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (GM Cho Won Sup, "<i>Taekwondo</i> <i>1</i>", 1994)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The Korean dictionary <i>Tong-a's New Encyclopedia</i> offers a similar description (English translation by missionary and scholar Richard Rutt): <i>"Hwarang. Leader of a military band of the Silla era. Chosen from the young sons of the nobility by popular election. Belonged in hundreds or thousands to the hwarang bands. Origin not clear, but presumably from the young mens’ bands of the Han tribes. Sadaham who raised an army for the suppression of Kara in 562 is the beginning of hwarang history. Basic ideal was complete loyalty to the nation, righteousness and bravery. Frequently visiting mountain beauty spots, they were also called kukson. Their activity was also called p’ungnyu or p’ungwolto. The five hwarang commandments were: serve the king with loyalty, serve parents with piety, be faithful to friends, never retreat in battle, preserve life when possible."<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">However, these descriptions only give rise to more questions, such as "what were the selection criteria?", "what did they actually do with their time?", "what was their organizational structure?", and "were they actually boys?".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Let us begin by examining the two characters that make up <i>hwarang</i>. Since Sejong the Great hadn't bothered to invent <i>hangeul</i> yet (to be fair, he was only born about 800 years later), all communication was in the form of classical Chinese. The characters in question then, are </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">花</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Malgun Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">화</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, <i>hwa</i>) and </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">郞</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Malgun Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">랑</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, <i>rang</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Thesaurus</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Linguae</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Sericae, which is <u>the</u> place to go for everything related to nerdy facts about the Chinese language (particularly semantics), offers the following information about these two characters: <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;">花</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">huā</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> *</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">hɣɛ</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;">曉麻平</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">hŋʷraal</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> (?)</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">BLOSSOM</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">n</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">flower</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">blossom</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;">郎</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">láng</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> *</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">lɑŋ</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt;">來唐平</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> **ɡ-</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">raaŋ</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">OFFICIAL</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">n</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="paragraph" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(YOUNG) ADULT </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">who</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">does</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> WORK IN a PUBLIC OFFICE OR IN A PUBLIC FUNCTION.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Based on this, we can at least maintain that Wikipedia's use of the term "flower youth" as a translation is decent, albeit not perfect. Still, better than "flower knights", a term I've seen floating around the web.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">At the same time, it is interesting to look at some secondary meanings, both for the first character (</span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="JA" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px; padding: 0cm;">花</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">), as for <i>hwarang</i> as a whole. </span><span class="spellingerror"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Huā</span></i></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">(<i>hwa</i></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> in Korean) is as early as the 4<sup>th</sup> century used as "a dedicated person; a person solely dedicated to a single task or type of work". </span><span class="spellingerror"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Láng</span></i></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> on the other hand, is in both classical Chinese and Japanese dictionaries listed</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> with a meaning equal to</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">君</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> "gentleman" (usually in the way of a high-ranking official or prince) or </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">旧</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">时</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">妻称夫或情人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> "what an old wife calls [her] husband or lover". <i>Rang</i> then seems to be designating the gender and/or status of the person. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">In more modern dictionaries, you might also find some deviations such as <i>hwarangi</i> meaning "a nicely clothed artist or dancer" or <i>hwarangnyon</i> meaning "prostitute" (the <i>nyon</i> being the Korean reading of the Chinese character for girl). Similar to that last meaning, you can find words using various characters for flower to symbolize sex or the adult industry in Japanese as far back as the 15<sup>th</sup> century (though the most common one being </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">花魁</span><span lang="JA" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">oiran</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, referring to a high-ranking and extraordinarily expensive courtesan in the pleasure quarters around mid-18<sup>th</sup> century). Lastly, <i>hwarang</i> has been noted as meaning "shaman" as far back as in a text for schoolchildren compiled in 1527 by Ch'oe Sejin (</span><span lang="JA" style="background-color: white; font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">崔世</span><span lang="JA" style="background-color: white; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">珍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">). This last interpretation will be further discussed later in this text.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">What then of the primary sources, if any? Well, there are two texts that we can consult. They are called <i>Samguk Sagi</i> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">三國史記</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, History of the Three Kingdoms) and <i>Samguk Yusa</i> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">三國遺事</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Technically, there might be three sources, with the last one being <i>Hwarang Segi</i> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">花郞世記</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, Annals of the <i>hwarang</i>). This latter is mentioned as a source in <i>Samguk Sagi</i> and is said to be written by noted historian Kim Daemun (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">金大問</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">) some time around 704-737. Consequently, it would be <u>the</u> go-to text for all questions regarding the <i>hwarang</i>, as it was written by a contemporary. However, this text disappeared around the 13<sup>th</sup> century and was presumed lost forever, until it suddenly re-appeared in the late 1980's. Apparently, the text had been held by a man named Pak Changhwa (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">朴昌和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">), who worked at the Japanese Imperial Household Library during the Japanese Colonial period. No further information is given concerning the procurement of the document, so if it is genuine, it may be assumed that he stole it. However, the genuineness of this 16-part document is highly disputed. Noted Korea scholar Richard D. McBride II has gone so far as to judge the document as "leisure writing or [a] fictional work composed by Pak Changhwa" who "composed many other fictional writings" as well. If nothing else, the historical timing is peculiar, as the announcement of this remarkable discovery of an important historical document came only months after the 1988 Seoul Olympics and President Roh Tae-woo's implementation of the <i>Nordpolitik</i> program and significant efforts of demonstrating the proud history of the Korean peninsula. Consequently, I have chosen to not rely on this document, to instead focus on <i>Sagi </i>and <i>Yusa</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The two texts deal with similar periods in Korean history but are remarkably different. The <i>Sagi</i> is a rather short and to-the-point account of events, while the <i>Yusa</i> contains anecdotes, poems, and tales of supernatural occurrences. In such, they complete each other, and should give some insight into the <i>hwarang</i> myth. Starting with <i>Sagi </i>(4</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">卷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">-</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">新羅本紀</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">4-</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">眞興王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">-37</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, volume 4, the annals of Silla, the 37<sup>th</sup>year of King Chinhung), the text reads<i>:</i><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">三十七年春</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">始奉源花</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">During the spring of the 37th year, he (King Chinhung) established the original flowers </span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">(</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">wonhwa</span></i></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">).</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">初</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">君臣病無以知人</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">欲使類聚群遊</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">以觀其行義</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">然後擧而用之</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">In the beginning, the rulers and ministers did not have the [proper] knowledge about [their] people, so they gathered a large group of people from different places. After having observed their actions, they made public their recommendations. </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">遂簡美女二人</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">一曰</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">南毛</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">>, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">一曰</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">俊貞</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">>, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">聚徒三百餘人</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Following this, two beautiful girls were chosen. One was called "Nammo", the other "Chunjong". They had more than three hundred followers. </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">二女爭娟相妬</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, <</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">俊貞</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">></span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">引</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">南毛</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">></span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">於私第</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">强勸酒至</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">醉</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">曳而投河水</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">以殺之</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The two girls became jealous of each other's beauty, and "Chunjong" brought "Nammo" back to her home, where she forced wine upon her and got her drunk [until the point of becoming] unruly, then [she] pushed her into a river and killed her. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">俊貞</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">></span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">伏誅</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">徒人失和罷散</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">"Chunjong" was executed, and her followers lost their unity and became scattered.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">其後</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">更取美貌男子</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">粧飾之</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">名花郞以奉之</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">After this, pretty young boys were brought, and they [put on] makeup and beautiful clothes, and they were established [as a group] with the name "flower boys" (<i>hwarang</i>).</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">徒衆雲集</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">或相磨以道義</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">或相悅以歌</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">樂</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">遊</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">娛山</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">水</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">無遠</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">不</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">至</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">They gathered large groups of followers, they helped each other [to practice] their moral virtues and ethics and entertained each other with song and music, and travelled over the mountains and over the waters seeking amusement, and there were no place they did not reach. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">因此知其人邪正</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">擇其善者</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">薦之於朝</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">.</span></span><span class="eop"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Through this came the knowledge of who was good and who was bad, and those who were virtuous were recommended for court positions. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Here ends the direct summary of the <i>hwarang</i> history, but the <i>Sagi</i> also offers two quotes from earlier works, which will be brought into the analysis shortly. Now though, it seems about time to see what the <i>Yusa</i> text has to say:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">第二十四真興王。姓金氏。名彡夌宗一作深夌宗。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The 24<sup>th</sup> King, Chinhung. He was of the Kim clan, and his [birth] name was Sammaekchong, sometimes written as Simmaekchong.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">以梁大同六年庚申即位。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">He ascended the throne in the sixth year of the Ta-tung period of the Liang dynasty.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">慕伯父法興之志。一心奉佛。廣興佛寺。度人為僧尼。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">[He] followed the will of his uncle Pophung (the previous ruler) by following the Buddha and building Buddhist temples in many places, and by encouraging people to serve as monks or nuns.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">又天性風味多尚神仙。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">[The king] also had an innate tendency to greatly value the spirits (note: these are not Gods, but supernatural entities commonly found in Chinese Daoism or in fairy-tales in the West)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">擇人家娘子美艶者。捧為原花要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">He selected beautiful women and decreed them to serve as the original flowers (<i>wonhwa</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">聚徒選士。教之以孝悌忠信。亦理國之大要也。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">[The king] assembled a large number of people and selected the outstanding ones, then they were taught the Confucian moral injunctions of fidelity (these are, respectively: piety to one's parents, respect to one's older brother, loyalty to one's monarch, faith to one's male friends). They were of great assistance in governing the country.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">乃取南毛娘</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">峧</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">貞娘兩花。聚徒三四百人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Eventually, two young ladies by the name of Nammo and Chunjong (note: the name is here given with a different first character, </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">峧</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> as compared to </span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">俊</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> in the <i>Sagi</i>) were selected [as leaders]. Their followers counted between three and four hundred.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">峧</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">貞者嫉妬毛娘。多置酒飲毛娘。至醉潛舁去北川中。舉石埋殺之。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Chunjong was jealous [of Nammo], and when Nammo had taken in much wine and become drunk, she took her secretly to a river north of the city, struck her with stones and killed her.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">其徒罔知去處。悲泣而散。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The followers [of Nammo] did not know where she had gone, so they dispersed, weeping sadly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">有人知其謀者。作歌誘街巷小童唱於街。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">But there was someone who knew about the plan [to kill Nammo], and taught the small children a song to sing about it in the city streets.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">其徒聞之。尋得其尸於北川中。乃殺</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">峧</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">貞娘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Nammos followers heard this [song], and when they investigated found her dead body in the river. So, Chunjong was killed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">於是大王下令。廢原花累年。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">As a result, the king gave the order to abolish the <i>wonhwa</i> [organization]. (note: I believe the Chinese text to have an error in punctuation, and that the two last characters actually belong to the next sentence, which you will see in the English translation)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">王又念欲興邦國須先風月道。更下令選良家男子有德行者。改為花娘。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Some years later, the king again became concerned with strengthening the country, and he decided that the first thing should be to organize the <i>p'ungwolto</i>. Again, he issued a decree and chose boys from good families who were of high moral and reused the band of the flower women (referring to the <i>wonhwa</i> organization). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">始奉薛原郎為國仙。此花郎國仙之始。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The first to be admitted was Sorwon, and this was the beginning of the <i>hwarang </i>and <i>kukson.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">故竪碑於溟州。自此使人悛惡更善。上敬下順。五常六藝。三師六正。廣行於</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">So, a [Sorwon's] memorial stone was erected at Myongju (this area is called Kangung</span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">江</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">陵</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> in modern Korea), and from this time people started to respect their seniors and be gentle with their inferiors. Also at this time, the Five Constant Virtues (<i>wǔ cháng</i>), the Six Arts, the Three Instructors, and the Six Chiefs were spread throughout the land.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">While the two excerpts are quite similar in construction, we are given better insight as to what happened to Nammo and Chunjong. This in itself is interesting. However, what deserves a bit elaboration is the following three items:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Firstly, the "curriculum" for the <i>wonhwa</i> was Confucian in nature, and that it was about the same time that the <i>wonhwa </i>were established that a lot of other Chinese philosophical concepts such as the Five Constant Virtues were imported into Korean culture. Technically, this *could* put the establishment of the <i>wonhwa </i>as early as around 371-384, as the first National Confucian Academy was completed in 380 under King Sosurim. But I digress… The five virtues however, should be known to most taekwondo practitioners, but for simplicity, they are the following: </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">仁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (benevolence), </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">義</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (sense of justice), </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">礼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (respect, courtesy), </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">智</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (knowledge, wisdom), and </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (integrity, trust).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Secondly, the term <i>p'ungwolto </i>(</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">風月道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, occasionally referred to only as <i>p'ungto </i></span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">風道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">). A literal translation would state something like "the wind and moon way", while it in modern Korean carries a meaning of "poetic" (a </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">風流客</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> is a poet whose works are concentrated on the mystical beauty of nature). Historian Yu Chai-Shin writes in his book <i>The New History of Korean Civilization </i>(2012) that the mythical Ch'oe Chiwon from the Silla dynasty founded a religious sect by the name of <i>p'ungnyu</i> (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">風流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">) by "merging ideas from Confucianism, Buddhism and ancient shamanism", and that this religious sect can be tied both to <i>hwarang</i> and to the Korean creation myth of Tan'gun. This finds support in the <i>Samguk Sagi</i>, where it is written a few paragraphs below where I originally ended my translation that "In our country there is a monderous and mysterious 'way' called <i>p'ungnyu</i>. (…) It combines the three doctrines and teaches the people". These three doctrines are further on described as that of the Minister of Justice of Lu (i.e. Confucius), that of the Recorder of Chou (i.e. Lao-tzu), and that of the Prince of India (i.e. Buddha). Yu also notes that the "singing and dancing" that the <i>hwarang</i> did, originated in Korean shamanism. There is no direct quote for this, but we may discover the origins in the Japanese book <i>Chosen no fugeki</i> (1932), written by Murayama Chijun. This is a survey of Korean shamanism and spiritism, which lists <i>hwarang </i>or <i>pharang</i> as a male shaman. Similarly, the Japanese academic Akamatsu Chijou writes in 1936 that "a <i>hwarang </i>is the husband of a female shaman, who dances and sings along while she does her work".<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Thirdly and finally, the term <i>kukson</i>. If the <i>hwarang </i>were supposed to be elite soldiers, the core of the great Silla army, this makes no sense whatsoever. <i>Son</i> (<i>xiān</i> in Chinese) is a strongly Taoist term in ancient China. While it occasionally is translated as "immortal", the original meaning is no such thing. Taoism has always been a religion or philosophy for loners who lived frugal lives and communed alone with nature. In fact, it has been argued that it arose as a direct opposition to Confucianism and its rigid institutions. The <i>Tao Te Ching</i> has a line which can be translated "those who aim to take over the world and shape it to their will, never, I notice, succeed". An early Chinese dictionary lists two separate yet connected meanings for the term <i>xiān</i>: 1) "to move into the mountains"; and 2) referring to those who "when they grow old, do not die". Although, in Han Chinese times, the <i>son </i>had in many ways transcended, with the term now bringing about images of crazed hermits living alone in the mountains practicing alchemy, magic and wizardry. The <i>son</i> has now usually lived an abnormally long life (or has discovered immortality altogether) and is wise beyond reckoning (although the wisdom is usually accompanied with a generous helping of madness). In the earlier paragraphs of the <i>Yusa </i>as well, we see the combination </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">神仙</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, usually translated as "spirits", but directly translated would end up being something like a "god-man-hermit". A <i>kukson</i> then, at the time when the terminology seeped into the Korean peninsula, should be something like a "national hermit", part sage and part madman, not exactly one who you'd want commanding your army. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">So, based on the primary sources, what are we left with? Well, it seems far-fetched to say that the evidence supports the interpretation of the <i>hwarang </i>as warriors. Rather, the organization seemed to be more religious in nature. As the <i>Samguki Yusa</i> states, they "chose boys from good families" (</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">選良家男子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">), meaning that the organization possibly could have functioned as a sort of prep-school for young nobles, educating them and preparing them for state functions. This interpretation of how the <i>hwarang </i>functioned finds support in the final part of the <i>Sagi</i> as well, in that "those who were virtuous were recommended for court positions" (</span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">擇其善者</span></span><span class="normaltextrun"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">, </span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">薦之於朝</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">However, it should be undeniable that, like all able-bodied Silla men of that period, the <i>hwarang</i> had to join the army in wartime. After all, they were a state-supported organization, if nothing else than because the king himself had decreed them into being! And, the <i>hwarang </i>were established in a time where great changes were reverbing through Silla and the Korean peninsula. In and around year 500, Chinese customs started to be imported wholesale. In 503 did the king and his advisors decide upon the correct Chinese characters for their own state name (</span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; padding: 0cm;">新</span></span><span class="spellingerror"><span lang="JA" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: "MS Gothic"; padding: 0cm;">羅</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">). In 520, king Pophung (mentioned in the translations above) established a court, complete with colors and markings to signify internal rank. And in 536, Silla took its first trying steps towards an expansion policy, when they invaded the small state of Karak. It is definitely possible that the <i>hwarang </i>educated multiple scholars-turned-warriors in the one-hundred-and-forty-something years between its establishment and the Silla unification wars (in fact, some are noted in the final pages of both the <i>Sagi </i>and <i>Yusa</i>), but these seem to be unique cases. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The first specific mention of <i>hwarang </i>partaking in military activities is in 562, when Kim Sadaham (mentioned in <i>Sagi</i>, chapters 4 and 44, but also in the quote from the <i>Tong'A New Encyclopedia</i> in the start of this text) partook in Sillas annexation of the small state of Kaya. Being a minor (his actual age is unclear, but assumed to be 15-16) at the time, he could only go to war after receiving a special royal permission, which was given "quite reluctantly". Consequently, we must conclude that the encyclopedia quote portraying Sadaham as some kind of general in shining armor is complete fabrication. At best, he would have been a low-to-mid rank commander, or perhaps only a deputy of some sort. Furthermore, even after obtaining this special permission, it hardly seems like Sadaham did much actual warfare, as the original author of the biography of Sadaham (which is quoted in <i>Sagi</i>) praises not his fighting ability, but rather his merciful attitude towards Kayas prisoners of war!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">Honorable mention goes to Kim Yu-shin (accepted into the <i>hwarang </i>ranks around 610-613), who is described as a "master of fencing". As most other <i>hwarang </i>never seemed to earn such a description, it could easily be that Yu-shin was naturally more inclined to swordplay than studying, and that we need to be careful generalizing from a source pool of just one man. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">The most famous (or infamous) <i>hwarang</i> in terms of military ability seems to be a lower-grade warrior by the name of Kwanjang, who in the year 660 single-handedly carried out a raid into enemy Baekje forces. It is not written how many enemy soldiers he killed, and Kwanjang died during the raid, but apparently his sacrifice stirred up the moral of his fellow Silla soldiers so much that Silla finally dealt a lethal blow to Baekje. This battle, known as the battle of Hwangsan, became the beginning of the end for the kingdom, and they submitted to Silla later that same year. However, is it really fair to praise him for his military ability when his primary contribution seems to have been self-sacrifice? It's not like we praise the Japanese <i>kamikaze </i>pilots for their excellent flying ability when their primary target was just to crash into something that looked important…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.693333625793457px; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">As I started this text by stating that <i>hwarang </i>are mentioned in the taekwondo curriculum across the world as an attempt to "attach" taekwondo to two thousand years of Korean history, let me be extremely clear: the available evidence <u>does not in any way, shape, or form</u> support any notion of the <i>hwarang</i> as an elite martial arts troupe. And it especially does not offer any support to the claim that taekwondo is an ancient fighting style. In fact, taekwondo should not be taken as anything but a post-WW2 creation! The first explicit mentions of the <i>hwarang </i>as a mainly military or fighting organization seems to, as mentioned in the very beginning of this text, have occurred sometime after the Second World War and Koreas independence. Looking at their occupier, it is easy to see where Korea might have gotten some, ahem, "unintended inspiration", as Japan itself spent much of the early 1900's re-inventing a number of key items within its history, as well as nationalistic terms such as </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">大和魂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (<i>yamato damashii</i>, the indigenous "Japanese spirit"), </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">武士道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">(<i>bushido</i>, "way of the warrior"), and </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "Yu Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;">国体</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.266666412353516px;"> (<i>kokutai</i>, "national essence"). There is no space here to fully describe here all the nonsense that has been written about the <i>samurai</i> and their code of ethics, but suffice to say that their narrative has been very neatly changed to fit into a story about the uniqueness and exaltedness of Japanese culture and morals. Based on the available evidence and what has been discussed in the above pages, I would conclude that it seems like a similar thing has happened to the <i>hwarang</i>.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-79445474590831345562020-11-29T12:09:00.004+01:002020-11-29T12:09:44.120+01:00My first ever Live training session<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2CGZqtvB2buHeyYcnyMgItqKfp2zOEdFzbZlI2_mv5zZtNAdGpLiKrhaJCP6pIEA1C6vO5Aer-yq7POsRTgTT4hJX0hCFQeOlFbL8ugibN3rJQ8UM5wPh_GsGv8tnNNquzchrdF3mWwM7/s1280/3268D519-18CD-4D78-923A-344B2F4DF2B0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2CGZqtvB2buHeyYcnyMgItqKfp2zOEdFzbZlI2_mv5zZtNAdGpLiKrhaJCP6pIEA1C6vO5Aer-yq7POsRTgTT4hJX0hCFQeOlFbL8ugibN3rJQ8UM5wPh_GsGv8tnNNquzchrdF3mWwM7/s320/3268D519-18CD-4D78-923A-344B2F4DF2B0.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>This is my first ever live practise session. As of November2020 there is no regular Dojang practise allowed in my town because of COVID-19. So to motivate myself, and to perhaps give some motivation and structure to others training I went on my Dojang’s Facebook group and did a live training session. </p><p><br /></p><p>Its all in Norwegian language but it should be very easy to follow along the session if you know the Taekwondo terms.</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7s2lp3zMaGM" width="320" youtube-src-id="7s2lp3zMaGM"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In this training session you’ll get:</p><p><br /></p><p>- Meditation</p><p>- General Warm up/Gentle stretching</p><p>- Basic hand techniques training (in horse stance)</p><p>- Taekwondo Olympic Sparring footwork</p><p>- Kicking specific warm up</p><p>- Kicking techniques </p><p>- Two Step Sparring 1-5 (TTU syllabus)</p><p>- Taegeuk 1 - 5</p><p>- Gentle stretching to end the session. </p><p><br /></p><p>As I said the language spoken is Norwegian but it will be easy for people to follow along :-) Sorry in advanced for my poor kicking skills. I haven’t been motivated for high kicks for quite some time and it shows 🙈</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7s2lp3zMaGM" width="320" youtube-src-id="7s2lp3zMaGM"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Happy training 🤗🤗</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-36202819215215224542020-11-17T19:40:00.005+01:002020-11-17T19:42:21.139+01:00The Original Koryo Hyung Part 2: Kim Daeshik version<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgIpt7xYq94267OzqRWH4W0VZkl86pVv36gQUEA-dwafvubyXx0H-9HaK-sptHF79WE-Qx2WWUm5mcKgtKmsXfdow5sdIqwCv1ZahEMvM6zxfPX34fXEtl5T1FTYSuX0aTg1sP1PA5kVeG/s2048/20201023_214246513_iOS.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgIpt7xYq94267OzqRWH4W0VZkl86pVv36gQUEA-dwafvubyXx0H-9HaK-sptHF79WE-Qx2WWUm5mcKgtKmsXfdow5sdIqwCv1ZahEMvM6zxfPX34fXEtl5T1FTYSuX0aTg1sP1PA5kVeG/s320/20201023_214246513_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><a href="http://jungdokwan-taekwondo.blogspot.com/2020/10/the-original-koryo-hyung-part-1.html" target="_blank">In part 1 I wrote a general overview on the history of the form,</a> who developed it, the different main <br />versions out there, and then I promised that in this part I would look at the performance of the form itself. I have selected the Kim Daeshik version to be the first one, as this is the oldest published version out there. <p></p><p><br /></p><p>The book "Karate and personal self defense" written by Kim Daeshik and Tom Leland back in 1971. If you remember the form was developed between 1965-1967 before it was replaced in 1972, so while the book is very close to the making of the form, there is a little gap between the introduction of the form and the publication of the book. As for Kim Daeshik himself, I think he is one of the best kept secrets of "Kukki-Taekwondo". He is no longer with us, and I am very sad that his work did not get more widespread recognition because he did write some awesome material during his career. The book this form is from is not one of them though, but it does contain a few gems like the original Koryo. I will try to write more about Kim Daeshik in the future and give a few book recommendations, because seriously some of his works are must reads. <u>This post also lets me introduce my own teacher; Master Erling Oppedal</u>. I sometimes get negative feedback on this blog since I am "rocking the boat" so I have purposefully kept him a little anonymous on this blog, but I asked him if he could pose for the illustrations for this post and I was so happy when he said yes :-D </p><p>So with those introductions out of the way let us jump into the form itself :-) </p><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The form is performed on one single line going North-South. Like the modern version of Koryo it contains throat attacks, side kick and other single techniques, but it is a very unique form that I think many will enjoy if the take the time to learn it. I taught the "Kim Soo version" a month or so ago at Bergen Vest Taekwondojang where I teach and one of the students said it was a very great form that just "felt real". All versions I have seen are very closely connected, and if you learn one version you will imediatly recognize the other versions as original koryo too. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2raStHM6jZ6IqH6K251WLXTBH47e7TOlswDVxUGbxIE53oEm_63DcEfJiwfl652C8UbcjkS0dZ_Tl88Ui80OjOjeyN28AQSxjiRPDHjacpfvjNsc43OszJXQnUGJEYPnWDKu_jy-0QU39/s2048/20201106_195550592_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1556" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2raStHM6jZ6IqH6K251WLXTBH47e7TOlswDVxUGbxIE53oEm_63DcEfJiwfl652C8UbcjkS0dZ_Tl88Ui80OjOjeyN28AQSxjiRPDHjacpfvjNsc43OszJXQnUGJEYPnWDKu_jy-0QU39/s320/20201106_195550592_iOS.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Begin in pyonhi seogi, relaxed stance.</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5U1H4Ck1ndbbZVjrKUhMrC9ziGbmggRArWGivrfnBulC4YitcvLvvjHjp2vGpzD3HrpEoNAwBf99X9uWg3ayDXdeKAnqHbTpOj6RecQFhdKEMZASFpEAhFVLlUrpX8tEAqWaOao38NV1h/s2048/20201106_195554953_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1643" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5U1H4Ck1ndbbZVjrKUhMrC9ziGbmggRArWGivrfnBulC4YitcvLvvjHjp2vGpzD3HrpEoNAwBf99X9uWg3ayDXdeKAnqHbTpOj6RecQFhdKEMZASFpEAhFVLlUrpX8tEAqWaOao38NV1h/s320/20201106_195554953_iOS.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>"Charyot" or "Attention" (Moa Seogi)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKQMxtXlHXt5GHCeu7PI7lj6iVXphapilWhxlJl1hyphenhyphenhEKFZ0p5XIXzeZjEoDV3zpRxoZ3DcXUKUCfvAERYjbRQFGLvWjME_Bal_KOSccGC4XdLOjE6kh7xtH3XdFUvsq9kpuhgBALt_LwO/s2048/20201106_195557612_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1579" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKQMxtXlHXt5GHCeu7PI7lj6iVXphapilWhxlJl1hyphenhyphenhEKFZ0p5XIXzeZjEoDV3zpRxoZ3DcXUKUCfvAERYjbRQFGLvWjME_Bal_KOSccGC4XdLOjE6kh7xtH3XdFUvsq9kpuhgBALt_LwO/s320/20201106_195557612_iOS.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Kyungne (Bow)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEzrY79kW0fgpVUgbz4Gj7OYRUjWxYRzTQrrTRrzvwxuKnqhBvETvC-wK6F7OtPA8bIR9lrHUyHAh3R36IxlVTuhnRzVjhOg5izkRRr6DBijWGNxEWjidklhEOEMZOX8AxoP7PzIazO2th/s2048/20201106_195613383_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1339" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEzrY79kW0fgpVUgbz4Gj7OYRUjWxYRzTQrrTRrzvwxuKnqhBvETvC-wK6F7OtPA8bIR9lrHUyHAh3R36IxlVTuhnRzVjhOg5izkRRr6DBijWGNxEWjidklhEOEMZOX8AxoP7PzIazO2th/s320/20201106_195613383_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>1: Gibon Chumbi Seogi / Fundamental ready stance</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpYkg0plimQwTzmG2KWukWT_iQ8NJmUbPHiE6wuz19JRPj1JDwTuLlUx1ko-5myAma_p1gTiF3DCre8jbJYx2iYCa8wPQi1d2tHNyf7Z_7iB6qRPkHVhnMhFKfGnxMNm4YcoW7rRuesp9J/s2048/20201106_195631838_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1828" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpYkg0plimQwTzmG2KWukWT_iQ8NJmUbPHiE6wuz19JRPj1JDwTuLlUx1ko-5myAma_p1gTiF3DCre8jbJYx2iYCa8wPQi1d2tHNyf7Z_7iB6qRPkHVhnMhFKfGnxMNm4YcoW7rRuesp9J/s320/20201106_195631838_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>2: Left foot forward; Dwit Koobi, Sonnal Geoduro Makki</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Right Back Stance, Knife Hand Guarding Block)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlB1Z-BzONaUQJniApDj-Nx35MFpaNvxYcBBNP11s9M9tU90cSP1R12q3GsjLZbMro0yuNW_jIiH0-g3XDBLqiI3iy7UVhexO_-wZs1NKX_lVdpLk787NsGTQ2CcLWZ4sNzM83qru45Lah/s2048/20201106_195654689_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1730" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlB1Z-BzONaUQJniApDj-Nx35MFpaNvxYcBBNP11s9M9tU90cSP1R12q3GsjLZbMro0yuNW_jIiH0-g3XDBLqiI3iy7UVhexO_-wZs1NKX_lVdpLk787NsGTQ2CcLWZ4sNzM83qru45Lah/s320/20201106_195654689_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>3: Shift into Apkoobi (Long front stance) with the left leg in front,</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>delive a pyonjumeok jireugi (flat fist strike)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOhX6ww9vwyN94SndL01eHWon6lcovIbYIW9PtbxXk0617___F9zTlKjYS1h6h7aBk0InbUhhBr1Y0VgC2bVrftCLHwMzL9BnJDdGH27ms6AYP8y9h-HSHYmyR_TvhIuDkPPdznbgrD1u2/s2048/20201106_195826456_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1961" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOhX6ww9vwyN94SndL01eHWon6lcovIbYIW9PtbxXk0617___F9zTlKjYS1h6h7aBk0InbUhhBr1Y0VgC2bVrftCLHwMzL9BnJDdGH27ms6AYP8y9h-HSHYmyR_TvhIuDkPPdznbgrD1u2/s320/20201106_195826456_iOS.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>4: Deliver a Yeop Chagi (side kick) with your back leg</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSGeRwGci79PRRepQFHWaFk4dNipWU7iPBREzGQLwXR4jmNPK0naFpySgUOXESsrkDbSgx14DO6kWCSabRSFSlQXWCNyRzSRlfV1LEddkVvtOKLTrDGwUmXV95TaXwwpMYuJZoTU-tlTC/s2048/20201106_195910694_iOS.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1577" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKSGeRwGci79PRRepQFHWaFk4dNipWU7iPBREzGQLwXR4jmNPK0naFpySgUOXESsrkDbSgx14DO6kWCSabRSFSlQXWCNyRzSRlfV1LEddkVvtOKLTrDGwUmXV95TaXwwpMYuJZoTU-tlTC/w173-h226/20201106_195910694_iOS.jpg" width="173" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTBxSz3yuw1Vh9hJp7cZx6GWSrb_7jNeIeI4HTkhhXlbvmjpf7heVkekAz3mPMcQb2C_RKIQTVex2QL8ys9vI90jcXqEOfBBivjoqnJQfEA-f82GsQcUiNd_QCnd7ScixeG4kL8UlQ0oAc/s2048/20201106_195904623_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1846" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTBxSz3yuw1Vh9hJp7cZx6GWSrb_7jNeIeI4HTkhhXlbvmjpf7heVkekAz3mPMcQb2C_RKIQTVex2QL8ys9vI90jcXqEOfBBivjoqnJQfEA-f82GsQcUiNd_QCnd7ScixeG4kL8UlQ0oAc/w223-h248/20201106_195904623_iOS.jpg" width="223" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>5: Place the kicking leg to the front, </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and form a sideways jocheum seogi</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(horse stance), and do an arae eutgeuro makki (low X-block). </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Right hand is over left hand. </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Note that the picture on the left of the screen </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>is the same movement taken from another angle)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8MOt49WkhSZe8mqMOO8RkFPqeJ-Pc8sKFitDQGtuZp0zELBBNb_SNfKXhJd8wkbeZWUUsNjYDTXUdJaaoFCpThnVWatBf_sGHC1m9PcWiI_ylu-zSo3nljq6ipSAtNoq_fLbqgntAVdQC/s2048/20201106_195937187_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1455" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8MOt49WkhSZe8mqMOO8RkFPqeJ-Pc8sKFitDQGtuZp0zELBBNb_SNfKXhJd8wkbeZWUUsNjYDTXUdJaaoFCpThnVWatBf_sGHC1m9PcWiI_ylu-zSo3nljq6ipSAtNoq_fLbqgntAVdQC/s320/20201106_195937187_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>6: Shift sideways toward the front </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>into Apkoobi (long front walking stance) </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and do a high section block (eulgeul makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi6_3lTtMe-1j3n4rma1cDh7_VBEqj0DYsgY5OL_rLXlucky3ehJfxipvPJZlm2dXMznBit-3QMGSimCoC2TyvQnro1Yi-rO9cvyasjqnrzfElJQVzuAgh6HwLNHKhKi2CiwyHiQgXczVl/s2048/20201106_200009914_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1541" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi6_3lTtMe-1j3n4rma1cDh7_VBEqj0DYsgY5OL_rLXlucky3ehJfxipvPJZlm2dXMznBit-3QMGSimCoC2TyvQnro1Yi-rO9cvyasjqnrzfElJQVzuAgh6HwLNHKhKi2CiwyHiQgXczVl/s320/20201106_200009914_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>7: Step forward into</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b> long front walking stance</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Apkoobi) and do </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>pyonjumeok jireugi (flat fist strike)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibLYFJIwGFe2V4G7BKr9SSfTlbxXUKec5ITi192iUGfvN9fHgkBAecb5XmveOFCDxRhkHuqSg8izAejpZd0HDf5Y69H9SAH5iUxoguKV7usIMADjQFB1vBjC8rGWTtmczoYCVeL5lkxC47/s2048/20201106_200040450_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1476" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibLYFJIwGFe2V4G7BKr9SSfTlbxXUKec5ITi192iUGfvN9fHgkBAecb5XmveOFCDxRhkHuqSg8izAejpZd0HDf5Y69H9SAH5iUxoguKV7usIMADjQFB1vBjC8rGWTtmczoYCVeL5lkxC47/s320/20201106_200040450_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>8: Turn 180 degrees toward the point you </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>started into back stance (Dwit koobi)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and do an outward knife hand block</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Sonnal bakkat makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfTTaqZz8Mqqt9xFeqTVFU2H0UipXKv-MCLEiLeW8DP_fbEKTWFctGPa-bl2Wv0GVj0XblmP7sAvafN-5nwYP9pnqT-KYKEJ9FFBa25rpSLmXjk7u3Y7oiM9x5ylXPd8VAyhZc5VKwS_-R/s2048/20201106_200059469_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1182" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfTTaqZz8Mqqt9xFeqTVFU2H0UipXKv-MCLEiLeW8DP_fbEKTWFctGPa-bl2Wv0GVj0XblmP7sAvafN-5nwYP9pnqT-KYKEJ9FFBa25rpSLmXjk7u3Y7oiM9x5ylXPd8VAyhZc5VKwS_-R/s320/20201106_200059469_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>9: Remain in place, do a </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>"turning punch" as Gm Kim says</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Dollyo jireugi?) with the back arm.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>(The illustration in his book and</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>the terminology he uses makes me </i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>conclude that it is a rounded short punch</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>rather than the normal reverse punch) </i></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg723QjD0Y7uvYJ3IA69MEbLSjiX2zXn324D6LKEK3opzJKTJYOVlpnOipMLcrOLSdAP3vc6pKGBrrtpivwVufI_LPNdZ5ysaqc7FZ5U3TlkoTUN7UBm9ZyFmXL3H_JvJbMbF0Xvc0iPy7O/s2048/20201106_200118831_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1389" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg723QjD0Y7uvYJ3IA69MEbLSjiX2zXn324D6LKEK3opzJKTJYOVlpnOipMLcrOLSdAP3vc6pKGBrrtpivwVufI_LPNdZ5ysaqc7FZ5U3TlkoTUN7UBm9ZyFmXL3H_JvJbMbF0Xvc0iPy7O/s320/20201106_200118831_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>10: From the previous move, shift forwar</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>into long front stance, reach out and</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>grab the opponents head</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Moori japki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeHtCBW61M72yjIQYxYSfK_1Zb4XCg01GVrbsJB6zRlBuqLAZ3E8UdZNv4McHiFeTesya40DDvceQmKX3al6r-qIfkCMW3xyeZxNTYIxHYQp8W3CPfj0qXmlEHRmIx4keFdz7plJfuJmL/s2048/20201106_200136482_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1071" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMeHtCBW61M72yjIQYxYSfK_1Zb4XCg01GVrbsJB6zRlBuqLAZ3E8UdZNv4McHiFeTesya40DDvceQmKX3al6r-qIfkCMW3xyeZxNTYIxHYQp8W3CPfj0qXmlEHRmIx4keFdz7plJfuJmL/s320/20201106_200136482_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>11: Deliver a knee strike </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>as you pull the head down</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Moreup chigi) </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>KIHAP</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFgerBkAm42gxGq8PszQHJPEJklJcJOyjBEZUAa-TQEUWpJ2qBpBsvD9F6C5WBdE-L-tTZJacD5AtOuOXfZdfs6I6OfHhQr8O9SoI2M6J4hotjKeoqFWxtPPLySwnKmVuzY2u0W_6jW0E/s2625/20201106_200150472_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2625" data-original-width="1198" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFgerBkAm42gxGq8PszQHJPEJklJcJOyjBEZUAa-TQEUWpJ2qBpBsvD9F6C5WBdE-L-tTZJacD5AtOuOXfZdfs6I6OfHhQr8O9SoI2M6J4hotjKeoqFWxtPPLySwnKmVuzY2u0W_6jW0E/s320/20201106_200150472_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>12: Place the "kneeing leg" forward</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>let the back leg follow into a x stance.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>The back leg crosses behind the front leg</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Dwit koa seogi)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and do a low x-block</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(arae eutgeuro makki)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>right hand over left hand.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Below is the same movement from another angle</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLi-Tr3e2e0iW-2LwbNo9ykyRqPNX_05yKYekkGcLj0SUwQPiaNskDU8Oc3R8wU1mhI7WGcBgVSTCtM7i2XE06vFkt_o0Ep1gscq5UyG4HSxWfKaQay9qasH41b8VSvoTFa1CX73maVYQs/s2048/20201106_200156329_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1047" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLi-Tr3e2e0iW-2LwbNo9ykyRqPNX_05yKYekkGcLj0SUwQPiaNskDU8Oc3R8wU1mhI7WGcBgVSTCtM7i2XE06vFkt_o0Ep1gscq5UyG4HSxWfKaQay9qasH41b8VSvoTFa1CX73maVYQs/s320/20201106_200156329_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>12 from another angle</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGBokglgO7dOegecDqLTzwC62os9GJQGCAhg7Ip3ZiNtdLFxgOM21_t_5-wYBYjW56QlpFWW0eRNHLCtmtlBHYCy8bvD7NOEwtOemDtHAjyJfZm3L-JtmM00W8911NQg7YuNulyTWxAxs/s2048/20201106_200207710_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1224" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGBokglgO7dOegecDqLTzwC62os9GJQGCAhg7Ip3ZiNtdLFxgOM21_t_5-wYBYjW56QlpFWW0eRNHLCtmtlBHYCy8bvD7NOEwtOemDtHAjyJfZm3L-JtmM00W8911NQg7YuNulyTWxAxs/s320/20201106_200207710_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>13: Place the back leg behind you into </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>long front walking stance (apkoobi)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and do a reverse knife hand </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>outward spreading block</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(sonnal deung momtong hecho makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvEbPnaGrBe9On0bTu0soS5WcwcvC4EPMsqUkzXd3WrwDNhfTcwg5OJxt-tmDPSw2pgQhoHHyE6riuY8j3gpK59VYN0oY1e7n1riBO3zvYQOIrt9fxoBvFImo7kQlRyb7mqdVSZYaOYFal/s2048/20201106_200222545_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1081" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvEbPnaGrBe9On0bTu0soS5WcwcvC4EPMsqUkzXd3WrwDNhfTcwg5OJxt-tmDPSw2pgQhoHHyE6riuY8j3gpK59VYN0oY1e7n1riBO3zvYQOIrt9fxoBvFImo7kQlRyb7mqdVSZYaOYFal/s320/20201106_200222545_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>14: the back leg moves again,</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>this time forward into horse stance</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>and do an elbow strike.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(right elbow strikes into left palm)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Jocheum seogi, pyojeok palkeup chigi)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgxKxsaT-A6Db5mWYy_wQnH5a7OmeZhZZaPvIW4g6OFjxU4bNZIaMbXCO3VxJsP6peADZoD7NqTAIBfQ21mNom9FPu6yd34-l9uWqJrCO2RI-epfvGXxJhVhQ-2pmR5rm9prPTpAeZTqEu/s2048/20201106_200249452_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgxKxsaT-A6Db5mWYy_wQnH5a7OmeZhZZaPvIW4g6OFjxU4bNZIaMbXCO3VxJsP6peADZoD7NqTAIBfQ21mNom9FPu6yd34-l9uWqJrCO2RI-epfvGXxJhVhQ-2pmR5rm9prPTpAeZTqEu/s320/20201106_200249452_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>15: turn in place 180 degrees into back stance</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b> and do a low knife hand block</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(dwit koobi, sonnal arae makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6q9aTnAxgrjgR47MBeZXsY2u5PJt73O4XKtlSiZYD8U6yFKaV5u-EYtSCFoBVn4q11zrWtEVztiiTj8zUk1PVvnFt1-PIdLou7IAB9cVyXTJvk28kjO11MXG8XFg_18tOik_VA59LT7X/s2048/20201106_200323495_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1484" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6q9aTnAxgrjgR47MBeZXsY2u5PJt73O4XKtlSiZYD8U6yFKaV5u-EYtSCFoBVn4q11zrWtEVztiiTj8zUk1PVvnFt1-PIdLou7IAB9cVyXTJvk28kjO11MXG8XFg_18tOik_VA59LT7X/s320/20201106_200323495_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>16: Left leg moves behind into horse stance</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(jocheum seogi) and do an inward knife hand strike</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(sonnal an chigi)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGwKIIPNodo_ETOuoC_m1fx13EJsuBmxpZIAzUy2b9XOB2vtl2QJ8kN83nc6gjPPwE3QdY3p0ufyOwXZFs7IeI84VIOOLcBADQTrHEugk6SkANNsBKnmmc8tHGGa3RRzLNYECZ4qYylNOY/s2048/20201106_200410889_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1387" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGwKIIPNodo_ETOuoC_m1fx13EJsuBmxpZIAzUy2b9XOB2vtl2QJ8kN83nc6gjPPwE3QdY3p0ufyOwXZFs7IeI84VIOOLcBADQTrHEugk6SkANNsBKnmmc8tHGGa3RRzLNYECZ4qYylNOY/s320/20201106_200410889_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>17: The right (front) leg goes back so it touches</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>the left leg, then the left leg moves back into </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>horse stance in a skipping motion. The left </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>hand does an inward block.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Jocheum seogi, momtong an makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNkDSCYtInOLcpgB7TEVJQQVGoyWsFtVIjv3_3rdFiVLb2QVKehYIUdvfx9zBI-K4mSa9mKU5u1oyoCBd0o0-JXW7YZWHeJLCwxSGwqzFVOWyV9hwPkcvpGh-17W3BpbDz6l2faa4-w-q4/s2048/20201106_200447667_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1451" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNkDSCYtInOLcpgB7TEVJQQVGoyWsFtVIjv3_3rdFiVLb2QVKehYIUdvfx9zBI-K4mSa9mKU5u1oyoCBd0o0-JXW7YZWHeJLCwxSGwqzFVOWyV9hwPkcvpGh-17W3BpbDz6l2faa4-w-q4/s320/20201106_200447667_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>18: The right leg goes all the way back</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>into horse stance and do an inward</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>block with your left arm</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(Jocheum seogi momtong an makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdXzyx8IjConVeCLjsOVMLuksz_ic-7MHn28fcGpF908LndCHOdNMwJuzXPWXCLd18gPiwcdS5d1ogEL5fo6NjJxkNPV65ybCpVpySS3BorhFSXHgHZi0sTPERS_rzzHLlIBSnx2VZbtbf/s2048/20201106_200517007_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1495" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdXzyx8IjConVeCLjsOVMLuksz_ic-7MHn28fcGpF908LndCHOdNMwJuzXPWXCLd18gPiwcdS5d1ogEL5fo6NjJxkNPV65ybCpVpySS3BorhFSXHgHZi0sTPERS_rzzHLlIBSnx2VZbtbf/s320/20201106_200517007_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>19a:From the previous stance </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>pivot on the right leg (the left leg moves)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6VfSOgbrJy7pEf_zDH5NyCsa3FVvkXwFOH7BmW0t6CddHIY3e9IJUdlmK3MvN-q9x8TM0xdC94QLBrBr3UABoNyiJbLzLhyphenhyphenERTKBDjH-jeQqag3EOsve-F7ZXC29DdhCJJhU-fwj8majU/s2048/20201106_200555463_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1143" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6VfSOgbrJy7pEf_zDH5NyCsa3FVvkXwFOH7BmW0t6CddHIY3e9IJUdlmK3MvN-q9x8TM0xdC94QLBrBr3UABoNyiJbLzLhyphenhyphenERTKBDjH-jeQqag3EOsve-F7ZXC29DdhCJJhU-fwj8majU/s320/20201106_200555463_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>19b: finished pivot into a long front stance</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>(apkoobi) and do an outward knife hand</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>block (sonnal bakkat makki)</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXvcE6JVa4lBhUTCGWO_MJyHZFhu6pwSUC3l9GLLjBfI-uFRRXJRHh2uUkh34DFh6bB5JMJqNb65kSMRJqqkqmp9LEuLEiEnzjfbCCaT-iUWQ0Bbk6Lexur7AF4fFSeusdhSHw9Q1LK9AW/s2048/20201106_200559843_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1117" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXvcE6JVa4lBhUTCGWO_MJyHZFhu6pwSUC3l9GLLjBfI-uFRRXJRHh2uUkh34DFh6bB5JMJqNb65kSMRJqqkqmp9LEuLEiEnzjfbCCaT-iUWQ0Bbk6Lexur7AF4fFSeusdhSHw9Q1LK9AW/s320/20201106_200559843_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>20: Remain in place, do another</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>knife hand outward block with the</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>other hand</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuZXl-zpI-E_KNHbj9MF4vJZPgpymI4pBrrqqKM8L8fnQrvX4-AdvdjUQSoadZX8w-MZB3bcwKEmwxHRnkK1icDPIqyy4TfGd1EGN7rBvF68netZPpQwVymiFesl5M3X4yWqAA4dMp6KQr/s2048/20201106_200629259_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1399" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuZXl-zpI-E_KNHbj9MF4vJZPgpymI4pBrrqqKM8L8fnQrvX4-AdvdjUQSoadZX8w-MZB3bcwKEmwxHRnkK1icDPIqyy4TfGd1EGN7rBvF68netZPpQwVymiFesl5M3X4yWqAA4dMp6KQr/s320/20201106_200629259_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>21a: Kick a front kick</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja0DH3cFwA485cRElDJYtl8TtdYOEIlKdCvpnaG4jp-bsQibMfGmWbWaOAlKnx_RyZlBX7wK13VGOwMkn0xOvJw4Qx_rLcE_FwcEvsNLyfQzl2jCsznhg0i1hb0AJzcgjj9qrEjDNZ2Kod/s2048/20201106_200630706_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1835" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja0DH3cFwA485cRElDJYtl8TtdYOEIlKdCvpnaG4jp-bsQibMfGmWbWaOAlKnx_RyZlBX7wK13VGOwMkn0xOvJw4Qx_rLcE_FwcEvsNLyfQzl2jCsznhg0i1hb0AJzcgjj9qrEjDNZ2Kod/s320/20201106_200630706_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>21b: follow up with a skipping jumping front kick</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>with the leg that kicked before</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCEJ-tRteDNG2_P49O-kFylIJH7ITEWDJ1SUjbv5_KwU-vkL4y1rEHrUkM11xx4GJVi5q8ydIjFMRDiohw6bpCYtTl-5B7OZvXVMu2JrwQou2NW53d5qzpOg-w-wWGwRad3rSEOlm2wEdy/s2048/20201106_200636823_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1674" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCEJ-tRteDNG2_P49O-kFylIJH7ITEWDJ1SUjbv5_KwU-vkL4y1rEHrUkM11xx4GJVi5q8ydIjFMRDiohw6bpCYtTl-5B7OZvXVMu2JrwQou2NW53d5qzpOg-w-wWGwRad3rSEOlm2wEdy/s320/20201106_200636823_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>21c: land in front stance and deliver a double</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>mid section punch combo, left hand first</b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKhst6cudZs-ZcNnbkjrsS3rBNY2LVmsERexAc569nb0SUUihVTPFR9xcGFg6RdG8uhWudchBpWA8AmubiRCgJtB4HTCMbTb0jBtNTZ2Vd14UdOsYEgpnjSf8383Qqc4JkMjxY0v3l3Tx/s2048/20201106_200639139_iOS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1665" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVKhst6cudZs-ZcNnbkjrsS3rBNY2LVmsERexAc569nb0SUUihVTPFR9xcGFg6RdG8uhWudchBpWA8AmubiRCgJtB4HTCMbTb0jBtNTZ2Vd14UdOsYEgpnjSf8383Qqc4JkMjxY0v3l3Tx/s320/20201106_200639139_iOS.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>21d: last punch, remain in place.</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>To end: Right fot forward into the same fundamental ready stance as you started in :-)</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I will try to film these versions so that we can compare them movement for movement in the future, but in the meantime do not hessitate to ask questions if something is unclear in this post. I have tried explaining each movement briefly but detailed. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Now that you have been given a glimpse on how the form looks/looked like, I can add that the <b style="text-align: center;"> </b><span style="text-align: center;">pyonjumeok jireugi (flat fist strike) is never seen in any of the KTA/Kukkiwon poomsae. This form is the only form where it appears. It is still described in the kukkiwon textbook, along with most other taekwondo textbooks out there, but poomsae wise this is its only appearance. Sadly this form was scrapped, but this alone might make you consider adding it to your poomsae repetoire. Another feature not seen except briefly in taegeuk pal jang is the retreating steps toward the end of the form. This is the secuence that in Gm Kim Soo version looks a lot like a sequence of the "long fist form" of Chang Mu Kwan, chinese martial roots. The sequence is a little different here in this version, but you will recognize all the sequences in the other versions as well. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">I have not decided if I am going to go straight to the next version or if I am going to focus on making a simple Youtube video to accompany this post firs, but stay tuned, more will come one way or another :-)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">A big thanks to my teacher for posing for all the photographs. This post would have been put off loooooong into the future if it was not for you :-)</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-88850610762787602582020-11-16T21:50:00.002+01:002020-11-16T21:52:52.906+01:00“Train along video” Home training helper <p>Recently our Dojang made a bunch of reference videos to help home practise. I was in charge of editing the videos, so after making those I repurposed footage of me into a “train along” video :-) My teacher does all the traditional commands, he counts and I do the techniques. So if you do a quick 10-15 minute warm up, press play and follow me, then do some stretching and or strength after the video and you’ve done a great traditional Taekwondo training :-) </p><p>I do hand techniques, foot techniques and forms in this clip. If the video is well received I’ll try to get going on some dedicated home training videos👍🏻 </p><p><br /></p><p>On another note, I’m nearly finished with the first post on “original koryo” performance, the Kim Daeshik version so stay tuned for that in the near future :-) </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VU6mh5zvYIU" width="320" youtube-src-id="VU6mh5zvYIU"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-55586770893546495442020-10-23T20:15:00.008+02:002020-10-27T07:04:51.516+01:00The Original Koryo Hyung Part 1; an overview (Will the real Koryo please stand up???)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX7mLqokp9RJWsdNuSoLXvqlDmSP1se0Ssjb1VB-9VGJsRxmarztOI4la0OvdSsbTICmpWgiuLripE12OcbCTLr7UuSbcgI2DamwJEz3jysEG12mRKWFj1Er9QQlBi8otyTTY8eX_VvWnQ/s2048/94B36BBF-3250-48B2-BF42-C168BD44D48E.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX7mLqokp9RJWsdNuSoLXvqlDmSP1se0Ssjb1VB-9VGJsRxmarztOI4la0OvdSsbTICmpWgiuLripE12OcbCTLr7UuSbcgI2DamwJEz3jysEG12mRKWFj1Er9QQlBi8otyTTY8eX_VvWnQ/s320/94B36BBF-3250-48B2-BF42-C168BD44D48E.jpeg" /></a></div><br /> This will be the first post of a small series, focusing on the history, development and performance of the original Koryo form. I will refer to this as "Koryo Hyung" for the remainder of this series to not confuse readers with the normal, mainstream, "new" Koryo Poomsae which most practise today. So when I write "Koryo Hyung" that is the old one, and Koryo Poomsae is the current one.<p></p><p>As a Taekwondo Nerd I have always read a lot of Taekwondo history, and one thing caught my interest many many years ago was a reference that looked almost the same in all articles and books on modern Taekwondo history. Especially if the book or article touched upon the development of the Korean Taekwondo Association forms (the Poomsae we practise today). It was something along these lines: "Around 1965-67 a committee consisting of representatives from most major Kwan (schools) developed the Palgwae and Judanja (Black belt) Poomsae. In 1967-1972 the same committee with the addition of representatives from Ji Do Kwan and Mu Duk Kwan developed a new series of forms. In 1972 the Palgwae and Koryo were replaced by the new forms, the Taegeuk series and a new Koryo form." This or a close variation of this quote appeared everywhere and it bugged me to no end. You see the Palgwae were replaced but they did live on. I could find videos, books, articles, webpages with detailed descriptions of them with no problem. A few of the books in my Martial Arts library were bought precisely because of my interest in what these forms were like. Not so with the original Koryo. </p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="text-align: left;">I could find a reference on the opening moves in a forum or two, but I could not get a hold of the people who posted those references in these forums as the thread(s) were dead. No video existed, and I could find no book anywhere that showed this original form. While I lived in Korea I searched for people who might now it, but the few that I found that had known it had forgotten it, and while I scoured the bookshops everywhere I never found a book old enough to contain it. Around 2009ish I finally struck gold when I came across a pdf file of an article written by Kim Soo in the 1970s. I remember still that I was stressed out of my mind because of work, christmas was approaching and I could just not find any joy in it. But the feeling of FINALLY finding something that showed me what the form was like was great. It is still etched into my mind still after all these years :-D I studied the article by Kim Soo and implemented the form into my own training and study simply because I love it :-) As luck would have it a friend of mine Jon Lennart would go and train in real life with Gm Kim Soo and I would later have a few mistakes corrected by Jon Lennart so that it was not "only" from an article. </p><p>Later still I saw a reference to an even (slightly) older source than the article by Gm Kim Soo. In 1971 Gm Kim Daeshik and Tom Leland published a book called <i>"Karate and personal defense". </i>This book showed and documented Koryo Hyung but it was a little different than Gm Kim Soo's version. Then in 2013 the book <i>"Taekwondo Black Belt Poomsae: Original Koryo and Koryo"</i> was published by Gm Richard Chun and Doug Cook. Again they show a variation that is different in some aspects than both Gm Kim Daeshik and Gm Kim Soo's version. I have therefore called these variations </p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Kim Daeshik Version </li><li>Kim Soo Version </li><li>Richard Chun Version</li></ol><div>But I stress that there are even more slight variations out there, but these three are the ones most familiar to me so these are the three versions I will document on my blog. I might expand this list later as I am aware that Master Jeremy Selch (brilliant martial artist with a strong Song Mu Kwan lineage) knows yet another version that you can probably find a video of if you search hard enough :-) </div><div><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghNWPhxAcZodSE4PMm84RiAPhZmXKWfK-JDMVvBwoLTeFc4ipiZ4W5NIo-ptMpHRbECB0bMY79Ym9mA5mSJNDUGkCo4rDuw-selqsW35TVl5Ms_OlRdgMwU0hQM0q-LVxxWowSDmjBUacc/s1359/C862C416-2163-4CBF-9B14-DDAF6C728DEF.jpeg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1359" data-original-width="801" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghNWPhxAcZodSE4PMm84RiAPhZmXKWfK-JDMVvBwoLTeFc4ipiZ4W5NIo-ptMpHRbECB0bMY79Ym9mA5mSJNDUGkCo4rDuw-selqsW35TVl5Ms_OlRdgMwU0hQM0q-LVxxWowSDmjBUacc/s320/C862C416-2163-4CBF-9B14-DDAF6C728DEF.jpeg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #ffa400;">Image Source:<br />Kim Daeshik's 1971 book</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Version 1</b> Kim Daeshik version is the eldest documented one from 1971 <i>"Karate and personal defense" </i>written by him and Tom Leland. I have used his book as a source for what you will see later on in this series. The book is short and was meant to give an introduction to Karate and the martial arts for beginners, so it is interesting from an historical perspective but it is not worth bankrupting yourself in search of it. In addition to Koryo Hyung it also shows Naihanchi as practised in Chang Mu Kwan (which is almost identical to the Tekki of Shotokan except that the opening move is an outward knife hand strike instead of a back hand strike), as well as Chonji Hyung. With these three Gm Kim Daeshik felt he had showed an example of the KTA, the ITF and Karate. <u>It seems</u> that Gm Kim Daeshik travelled to Korea sometime in the late 60s or possibly as late as 1970 and learned Koryo Hyung there, but I have not gotten this verified yet. Gm Kim Daeshik's book is the earliest English reference for the form, and the only reference to it in book format until 2013.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Version 2 </b>is Gm Kim Soo who learned the form in Korea, and then wrote the aforementioned article in <i>"Official Karate Magazine" </i>in April 1972. The article was titled: "<i>A simple lesson in Karate Kata." </i>It follows the same format and is very similar to Gm Kim Daeshik's version, but some of the stances are altered, and at one point there are differences between open handed and closed handed techniques. It was pointed out to me that the part near the end when you are moving backwards was very similar (but not identical) to Jang Kwon Hyung (Long fist form) which is a Chang Mu Kwan Yun Byung In lineage form from China. I do not know Jang Kwon Hyung so I am just putting it out there as it was related to me. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Version 3</b> which is Richard Chun and Doug Cook's version is based on hard research going back to the very paperwork of the original forms committee. Yes you read that correctly, the forms committee wrote down its work and somehow through their hard work Richard Chun and Doug Cook got access to it and based their version on it. It seperates itself from the other versions in that the hands are mostly closed throughout its performance, making the form closer to what we are used to in the other KTA forms which often makes use of closed hand. It also moves the body weight different in some techniques as well, which will become apparant once I share that form with you. For instance in the opening movement according to their book the weigh actually goes backwards while you do the first strike, while the other two versions step forwards, shifting the body weight into the strike (which I would believe would be the most logical way to do it). </div><div><br /></div><div><b><i>"Correctedness"</i></b></div><div>Given that there are so many small differences and variations between these forms while all obviously being the same form there are some that undoubtfully will discuss which way is more "correct". In Kukki Taekwondo this is often fairly straight forward as the Kukkiwon on one side will tell you how to do the forms, and the WT will likewise tell you how to do the forms for competition. The thing is that in this case the form was dropped long before it could be streamlined and standardised. For all we know the form might even not be completly "finished" since it was dropped and replaced by a new form. The rest of the Judanja form were kept, allthough they did play around with the order and the names of a few of them, only Koryo Hyung was dropped. </div><div><br /></div><div>So which is the "correct" one then? The oldest documented one? Technically the oldest version in my eyes is the one by Richard Chun and Doug Cook simply because they used the forms committee's own paperwork as a basis of their version. But you could argue that Kim Daeshik's version is the one that was documented in a book first so that is the oldest version. But then again Gm Kim Soo might have learned it before Gm Kim Daeshik. Who knows? Perhaps the form was made first as Richard Chun demonstrates, then refined to be more like how Gm Kim Daeshik and Gm Kim Soo does it in their work? Perhaps the differences between these two masters represents refinements done in the forms development by the people who made the form? Finding out what was the "correct" way of performing it is in my view futile since we can not know. All three are valid versions thats for sure, but I cant for the life of me decide if any of them deserves to be called more "correct" than the other ones. </div><div><br /></div><div>Some might argue that those who propogated the form and kept teaching it forming a live tradition of the form is the "correct way". I have no idea if Kim Daeshik kept teaching the form or if he dropped it too, but both Richard Chun and Kim Soo kept teaching it in their schools, so we can't really use the "living tradition" argument either. </div><div><br /></div><div>I conclude therefore that the most correct form is: A) the way your teacher says it should be, if you learn this in a dojang setting, or B) the version you pick to be your version. Personally in my case that would be the Kim Soo version as that is the one I have "known" the longest but again that is my personal preference. I would also like to add how they often treat forms variations in Karate. Different variations in Kata (Hyung/forms) in Karate is commonplace across styles, and a few styles even have different variations of the same form within the same style(!). One thing they do is simply add the name the variation came to us from. For instance Chatan Yara Kushanku is the Kushanku version that came from Chatan Yara. Another version might be called Matsumora No Kushanku and so on. So calling it the Kim Soo, Kim Daeshik or Richard Chun version seems to be more in line with Taekwondo's tradition than the discussion on which of these are "correct". </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>History of Koryo Hyung</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div>I have already talked about its history but I will try to make a timeline here and comment on what happens outside of the "narrow view" of history when we look at a form like this.</div><div><br /></div><div>In the period running from 1910-1945 Japan Occupied Korea. Many blame Japanese for banning the native martial arts, but there was never any such ban. Military training was of course banned, but no one stepped in to kill off Taek Kyon masters, or others. According to Morinobu Itoman in his book <i>"The study of China Hand Techniques" </i>it was common place among people in Okinawa who wanted to further their study to go to China AND KOREA to study more there. THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT KARATE IS KOREAN (sorry for the Caps Lock, but I want to get that off my chest), it only means two things:</div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Korea <u>influenced</u> early forerunners of modern Karate</li><li>There were martial arts practised in Korea during the Japanese Occupation</li></ol><div>The book came out in 1934 originally. The Japanese did a lot of bad things to Korean culture, but banning martial arts practise is not one of them, and the myth of that ban must be stopped. The reason for the myth came to explain why the modern Korean martial art of Taekwondo resembled Karate so much. It was better to say that the masters of Korean martial arts were forced to practise Karate because the korean arts were banned than to say that the native Korean arts had been in decline for the last 100 years and that modern taekwondo was built upon Japanese Karate and some Chinese Quan Fa. </div></div><div><br /></div><div>During this occupation of Korea by Japan many people sent their sons to get a higher education in Japan. During the 1920s - 1940s several people travelled to Japan to study at Universities there. Some practised with Gichin Funakoshi (founder of Shotokan), some practised with Mabuni Kenwa (founder of Shito Ryu), some with Toyama Kanken, and some with Gogen Yamaguchi (Goju Kai Karate). It is popular to say that only a few practise Karate because the ones we hear about later is: Lee Won Kuk, Ro Byung Jik, Choi Hong Hi, Yun Byung In, Yun Kwae Byung, and Chun Sang Sung (No I have not forgotten about Hwang Kee but he never travelled to Japan to study). These people started major schools when they got back to Korea which is why they are remembered but they were not alone in practising Karate while in Japan. The Koreans role in shaping modern Karate in Japan is actually a blog post that I have been meaning to make for several years now, but that is for another time :-)</div><div><br /></div><div>While the "martial arts ban" is a myth that was propogated later, the Japanese did a lot of bad things and downplayed Korean culture and history during their occupation. Do not let the myth of a martial arts ban fool you, there were many bad things done, and they hurt Korean culture in a very bad way that was felt a looooong time (still is to this day). Without mainstream martial arts schools like the Koreans had attended while studying in Japan, several schools were opened between the 1940s-60s. These are the Kwan that you might have heard of: Song Mu Kwan, Mu Duk Kwan, Chung Do Kwan, Yun Mu Kwan, Ji Do Kwan, Oh Do Kwan, Chang Mu Kwan etc. These schools practised what was essentually Karate and in some cases Karate with some Chinese Martial Arts within them. They used the uniform, belt system, philosophy, terminology (translated into Korean), forms, techniques etc. Even the names of the arts practised were foreign. Tang Su Do means China Hand Way and it is a Korean pronounciation for the older term of Karate: Tode. Kong Su Do means Empty Hand Way and is the Korean way of pronouncing Karate. Kwon Bup means Fist Method/Law and is the Korean way of pronouncing Quan Fa. You do not need to be a detective to find out where these arts came from or what they practised. The problem arose when people had (very understandably) negative connotations to all things Japanese, and a feverish need to chase down a new Korean Cultural Identity (or rediscover it) rose. In this light over time the arts practised started to change a little. One of the things they started doing was working together in organisations, another thing was to try to develop Korean set of forms so that they did not practise a copy of a Japanese art. </div><div><br /></div><div>By 1965 the schools of Chung Do Kwan, Song Mu Kwan, Yun Mu Kwan, Chang Mu Kwan and Oh Do Kwan had worked together and formed the Korean Taekwondo Association. Choi Hong Hi and the Oh Do Kwan had made forms since the mid 1950s, but it was felt that a more fair way was that each school would send representatives to form a joint forms committee that would make a new common set of forms that they could all practise and use for their belt promotions. In the period between 1965-1967 these schools sent:</div><div><br /></div><div><ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Kwak Kun Sik (Chung Do Kwan/ Captain of millitary academy and therefore also Oh Do Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Park Hae Man (Chung Do Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Hyun Jong Myun (Chung Do Kwan/ Oh Do Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Lee Yong Sup (Song Moo Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Lee Kyo Yun (Yoon Moo Kwan/ and founder of Han Moo Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Kim Son Bae (Chang Moo Kwan)</li></ul></div><div><br /></div><div>I do not know how they specifically made these forms or how they worked. Did one guy develop a first draft of a form alone? Did a sub group do a group of forms? Those details might be disclosed later if the paperwork is ever translated and made mainstream. I hope it does. Suffice to say that these men in the end is responsible for the Palgwae, Koryo Hyung and the rest of the black belt poomsae we practise to this day. This group started their work in 1965, but the year after is an important year in Kukki-Taekwondo history as that year a large group of Mu Duk Kwan and Ji Do Kwan students joined the Korean Taekwondo Association. They had previously had a Mu Duk Kwan/ Ji Do Kwan joint organisation called the Korean Su Bahk Do Association, led by Hwang Kee and Yun Kwae Byung. This large group had had no say in the development of the Palgwae and the Judanja forms so a new Committee was formed with additional representatives to make new forms. The result was the Taegeuk Series and a new Koryo that replaced the older Koryo Hyung. For some reason a fair number of instructors chose to keep the Palgwae as additional forms, but Koryo Hyung was very very rare to find in a Dojang. </div><div><br /></div><div>I think that if you are still reading after all this time you will now have an overview of variations, "correctedness" and history of the form, so I will end Part 1 here. In the next installment I will document Variation 1: Kim Daeshik's version of Koryo as he documented it in his 1971 book :-) </div><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-15219598240343259372020-10-16T11:35:00.002+02:002020-10-16T11:35:06.545+02:00Newly produced Poomsae tutorials by Kukkiwon<p> I found this such great news I had to share it here :-) Very recently the Kukkiwon made a playlist on YouTube public with very well made Poomsae tutorials. I have only watched through Taegeuk il jang but it was so well made that I want to share the whole playlist here :-) </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSFr5pEwo7gSwvfg4bjxoF3liyfJkCLAj">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSFr5pEwo7gSwvfg4bjxoF3liyfJkCLAj</a></p><p><br /></p><p>The link above will hopefully take you directly to the playlist :-) Let me know if it doesn’t work. It focuses strictly on solo performance :-) </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-25767315217073465302020-10-06T18:13:00.001+02:002020-10-06T18:15:21.221+02:00Controversies in the development of the Black Belt Poomsae<p> Once I read a long article on the process of becomming a black belt in Kukki-Taekwondo and what you should focus on in your training for each Dan rank. This was linked in great detail to the Poomsae assigned to the rank, and the symbolism that the Poomsae was made with in mind. The fact that the Black Belt Poomsae has a name and a philosophy or theoretical background assigned to it is written in stone in many masters minds, but as I will demonstrate in this blog post, things in Taekwondo are never written in stone. This post might be a little controversial for some but it is time someone shed some light on this to a wider audience, and it might also save a few people from going completly down a rabbit hole.</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p>As we all know modern Taekwondo starts in the time periode of 1944-1972. It starts with the opening of the different Kwan, the cooperation between them, the evential merging of them, and the official abolishment of them (eventhough they are currently having a resurgence these days). In the early part of this time period the forms practised was imported Karate or Chinese forms. These were renamed into Korean and practised with slight if any modifications. Pinan/Heian became Pyungahn, Naihanchi/Tekki became Chulgi, Kushanku became Kongsokun and so on, but they remained the same. In 1965-1967 representatives from the greatest schools (Kwan) except Mu Duk Kwan and Ji Do Kwan came together and made the 8 Palgwae forms, and the 9 Judanja/Black belt forms (Koryo, Keumgang, Taebaek etc).</p><p>These people were:</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Kwak Kun Sik (Chung Do Kwan/ Captain of millitary academy and therefore also Oh Do Kwan)</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Park Hae Man (Chung Do Kwan)</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Hyun Jong Myun (Chung Do Kwan/ Oh Do Kwan)</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Lee Yong Sup (Song Moo Kwan)</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Lee Kyo Yun (Yoon Moo Kwan/ and founder of Han Moo Kwan)</li></ul><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Kim Son Bae (Chang Moo Kwan)</li></ul><p></p><p>So far so good, nothing controversial here :-) </p><p>Around 1967 due to several different factors, the comitte came together once again with the addition of representatives from Ji Do Kwan and Mu Duk Kwan. </p><ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Bae Yong Ki (Ji Do Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Lee Chong Woo (Ji Do Kwan)</li><li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Han Young Tae (Moo Duk Kwan) </li></ul><p>The reasons were many but a few factors that gave rise to this:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Ji Do Kwan and Mu Duk Kwan joined the KTA in 1966 and had not had any say in the development in the new forms.</li><li>It was felt that the Palgwae resembled the older Karate forms too much</li><li>It was felt that the Palgwae did not follow the different Gwe/Trigram it was based on</li><li>The education system wanted new forms with higher stances developed.</li></ul><div>When it all comes down to it, it was a matter of politics :-) In 1967-1972 this new comitte developed the 8 Taegeuk forms which replaced the Palgwae (although the Palgwae would live on abroad, and as additional forms for a few decades) as well as a form that replaced the original Koryo. The older Koryo virtually vanished only to be documented in a very few places, and practised by a few Dojang outside of Korea. This blog post is not about this older form, I will write a follow up post that focuses on that form, but this segways into the first controversial point of this post: </div><div><br /></div><div><b><u>Controversy 1: The Koryo you are most likely practising today is NOT the original Koryo.</u></b> </div><div><br /></div><div>If the Koryo you practise today starts with you slowly raising your hands in knife hand in front of you, pointing the knife hand forward, before turning 90 degrees and doing a knife hand guarding block and doing a low into high section side kick, you are practising a version of Koryo that did not come into being until the late period 1967-1972. The physical movements of the form that "should" be somehow linked to the theory and background of the Poomsae was actually the original Koryo. The new one that replaced it replaced the physical movements, but the theory and background, including the very name of the form remained the same. This suggests that the KTA that developed the Poomsae had no qualms of making new forms of movements and latch them on to theory and background later. Either the comitte thought the original Koryo was somehow poorly based on the theory and background of the form and saw fit to replace it with a new form, or they did not see a strong link between the two aspects. If the first was true, would they not do the same to the rest of the black belt forms? And here we do a nice segway into the next potentially controversial topic:</div><div><br /></div><div><u><b>Controversy 2: Illyo was not originally called illyo</b></u></div><div><u><b><br /></b></u></div><div>Illyo Poomsae has a buddhist swastica sign, (in western culture perhaps more associated with nazism) as its performance line, and the theory and background of the poomsae is strongly linked to buddhist philosophy (I emphasise philosophy, NOT religion). Illyo means "Oneness", and according to one early 1970s textbook it means </div><div><br /></div><div><i>"oneness in which the body and mind, I (the subject) and you (the object), the spirit and the substance are unified into oneness. It means that one derives the state of pure mind from profound faith, namely the state in which one has discarded all worldly desires. The ultimate ideal of Taekwondo is in this state of illyo. In this state of mentality or "nirvana" one overcomes ego. The final goal Taekwodo pursues is indeed a discipline in which we concentrate attention on every movement, shaking off all worldly thoughts and obsession." </i>-Taekwondo Poomse from 1975 page 215</div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>This is heavy stuff right? You would believe that a lot of effort was made with the physical movements linking them to this lofty philosophy. What if I told you that the original name of this poomsae was Silla? As in one of the ancient kingdoms of Korea in the Three Kingdoms Period? This means that the physical movements if they were made with a background and theory in mind was more to do with one of the ancient kingdoms of Korea rather than on "oneness". According to my books at least it is believed that Silla was the last of the 3 kingdoms that received Budhism, it first being introdused to Koogoryo, then into Paekjae and finally into Silla.</div><div><br /></div><div>So the KTA could make a whole new series of physical movements to replace an old set and keep the theory the same, but they could also keep the physical movements and replace the name and theory, so they have now proven that they could go both ways, and in my subjective opinion this shows that the link that "should" be there between the philosophy/theory and the physical movements are a lot weaker than what is most often taught and believed. Surely this was the only case where they did this though? No it is not, I have another example of this:<br /><br /></div><div><b><u>Controversy 3: Pyungwon was not always Pyungwon</u></b></div><div><b><u><br /></u></b></div><div>Pyungwon is named after "Plain" or open field. I will let the same early textbook on Poomsae explain it to us: Taekwondo Poomse from 1975 page 166:</div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>"The living lot of human being is the plain. Fertileand vast plain gives us food. It also hasbeen the place where human life has been lived and carried on.</i></div><div><i><span> </span>On the other hand, a great open plain stretching out endlessly gives us a feeling of majesty that is different from what we feel on a mountain or the sea.</i></div><div><i><span> </span>The application od teh providence of the plain which is blessed with abundance and grace as well as boundless vastness into the movement of Taekwondo is Poomse "Pyungwon (Plain)".</i></div><div><i><span> </span>As this Poomse primarily applies Koa-Seogi and Keum-gang-Makki against the plain, its core is to be found in the potential strength and flexibility as well as in the majestic spirit of the vast plain."</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div>The textbook even links certain specific movements to the theory and background of the form. The thing is though that this Poomsae was originally developed under the name of Paekje. Paekje like Silla was one of the three ancient kingdoms in what is today modern Korea. So the creators of this form had something entirely else in mind other than "Plain". This name change and theory change happend AFTER the physical movements of the Poomsae was finished. Again showing (at least to me that) the link between the theory/Background of the Poomsae to the physical forms being weak if not non-existant. </div><div><br /></div><div><b><u>Controversy 4: The link between physical movements of Black belt Poomsae and its theory or background might not be as strong as you think.</u></b></div><div><br /></div><div>Whereas the Taegeuk actually follow the Gwae it is based on (which the Palgwae does not), the movements of the black belt poomsae and their background is much looser than what is commonly taught and believed. If you remember back to the introduction of this blog post you might now come to the same conclusion I did regarding the work of the Master and the article linking the black belt training to the poomsae based on the poomsae name and symbolism. The name, symbolism, background and philosophy linked to the different Poomsae are not strongly linked to the physical movements of the forms themselves. A deep dive into the history of Taekwondo demonstrates this very strongly. This is why Taekwondo History is so important; now you do not have to go out of your way to link the philsosphy, name, and theory of the poomsae to the physical movements. Read the textbooks, study the theory and philosophy by all means. I find that aspect fascinating and nothing in the blog post should stop you from doing that or considering stopping that. The names, theory, philosophy and background was so important for the creators of Taekwondo and they wanted us to study them, so they put them together with the poomsae. The rabbit hole(s) I have seen people jumping into is not studying the theory etc, but the search for linking the physical movements to the theory. History of Taekwondo shows us that it is either not there, or that the link is so weak that we should not worry about it,so why do?</div><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-73647478536873879532020-07-27T06:00:00.000+02:002020-07-27T06:00:06.759+02:00How the Sword has influenced TaekwondoI have been playing around with the sword lately and I am having a lot of fun doing it. Sword training is perfect for the times we are finding ourselves in these days: you always keep at least a swords distance between yourself and your training partner, if they come to close you hit them. If you are practising alone no one will come close to the crazy guy swinging a sword arond and so it is also great at social distancing :-D <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-W6QcwIIvIl8XfR1TTE_4757XSrcU69HeKBOYlBuLnguRKno0KWHiiFr0qi8OKiYe3TYCP5IK7gDae5aziLvbWuCGfZFsPsGbFzENNn6bTQgnkqkatG4rtZICboLr4fGt7JV6Ah8-C1iL/s960/sword+one+leg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-W6QcwIIvIl8XfR1TTE_4757XSrcU69HeKBOYlBuLnguRKno0KWHiiFr0qi8OKiYe3TYCP5IK7gDae5aziLvbWuCGfZFsPsGbFzENNn6bTQgnkqkatG4rtZICboLr4fGt7JV6Ah8-C1iL/s320/sword+one+leg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">This is not a post on how fun I am having or how I train, but rather how the sword is related to an unarmed martial art such as Taekwondo. It is now time to go back in history.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><h4 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Proto Karate</h4><div>Taekwondo's roots is firmly embedded within Karate. Anyone telling you something else is full of something brown (and it is not chocolate). All of Taekwondo can be traced directly back to Gichin Funakoshi, Toyama Kanken, and Mabuni Kenwa. These in turn learned from Anko (and Azato) Itosu and he in turn learned from "Bushi" Matsumura. Let us start here:<br /><br />"Bushi" Matsumura or Matsumura Sokon lived aproximatly 1798-1890 (there is a lot of debate on the exact dates) and he lived at a time before Karate as we know it today existed. He is the great grandfather of Karate so to speak. He practised whatever martial arts he could get his hands on, and interestingly to this blog post he did a deep dive into the Satsuma Samurai's martial art of Igen Ryu Jujitsu. This martial arts consisted among other things the sword as you would expect this being a Samurai Martial Art. Matsumura Sokon studied Jigen Ryu to the point that he got a Menkyo Kaiden or a certificate of total transmission. This was a huge deal meaning he could teach this art on. In fact this means that Matsumura probably knew more about Jigen Ryu than many of the Samurai stationed on Okinawa at the time! Matsumura taught his students the principles of what he learned so Jigen Ryu had an impact on his "karate", and he was among the foremost masters of the time meaning that the sword had an impact on proto karate.</div><div><br /></div><div>If you go a little forward in history to the next generation of students you will find that the sword continued to influence martial arts masters on Okinawa. Funakoshi's main teacher Azato for instance is said to have preffered the sword over his unarmed martial art, and he too got a Menkyo Kaiden certificate in Jigen Ryu. </div><div><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Karate Karate</h3><p style="text-align: left;">Once Karate was imported to mainland Japan in the 1920s and 1930s Karate became very influenced by the other two greatly popular Japanese martial arts at the time; Judo and Kendo. Ken meaning Sword and Do meaning way. Kendo became popular in occupied Korea too under the Korean name Gumdo (Gum being the Korean pronounciation of Ken). Shotokan which is perhaps the most influential Karate root of Taekwondo was the Karate style mostly influenced by Kendo as most of the early students had a Kendo background. Many of the early masters of Shotokan including Gichin Funakoshi's son Yoshitaka "Gigo" Funakoshi was a highly trained student of Kendo. Kendo influenced the footwork, the stances and the distancing in Shotokan, and the three and five steps sparring came in part as an influence from Kendo as well as Judo. The competition aspect that was being developed (and hated by Gichin Funaskohi) in the 40s and 50s was also very much based around Kendo. The people who would go on to develop Shotokan after Funakoshi's death in 1957 were highly trained Kendo students as well as Karate students.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Korean Karate (Early Taekwondo)</h3><div>As I wrote earlier, Kendo was imported to Korea before Karate ever was, and it was very popular under the name Gumdo. Contrary to popular belief Gumdo was simply a copy of Kendo and not a 2000 year old Korean sword art. Many early students of what was to become Taekwondo also trained for some time in Gumdo. Like I do today many picked up the sword art to be an addition to their training since many of the Karate masters before them had done so as well. Over time this trend has been a steady one, but these days people are much more drawn to Korean sword arts like haedong gumdo which is a relativly speaking a newly developed martial art trying to incorporate Korean body culture etc into the sword training. Other Korean arts that incorporates sword is Sippalki and Kyeongdang which both are using the Korean military martial arts manual the muyedobotongji as their source. The Muyedobotongji uses both Chinese and Japanese sources along with some possible Korean sources (the Korean sources were debated in the book itself). </div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Modern Taekwondo</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVr-M9lcYJ8BTwMEzfTF2xUQTlBEnN92cw2S_4JDGXeGvmETvROq_FMoGFsHjJIQ1UsIEkYn9OnU3-W9QCgujPffv6yDBiWs84e688wPK9M8GnouPejlv2Rc4ILVZjnDo9UIgTB19t5S_q/s960/sword+ready+yedo+il+bon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVr-M9lcYJ8BTwMEzfTF2xUQTlBEnN92cw2S_4JDGXeGvmETvROq_FMoGFsHjJIQ1UsIEkYn9OnU3-W9QCgujPffv6yDBiWs84e688wPK9M8GnouPejlv2Rc4ILVZjnDo9UIgTB19t5S_q/s320/sword+ready+yedo+il+bon.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>While modern Taekwondo does not really have any formalized weapons training in them, you will see that the three step sparring format that we inherited from the 1920s and 30s Japan is still alive and still Kendo (and Judo) based. You will also note that many of our high ranking masters have studdied Sword martial arts on the side to learn a weapon in addition to Takewondo's unnarmed martial art. In the Kukkiwon Textbook you will even see defences against the sword being demonstrated, which shows a remnant of this even today. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-2078654860941134752020-07-21T20:04:00.000+02:002020-07-21T20:04:04.284+02:00Basic Sword training; "Gibon Ta" drill, fundamental sword cuts<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ_chwvPFL1GVIsA1KEIR0i2hNQmA8POJV-YgM9_YTVoRoEwlSD23S17v-3aw6h14z6x9dDESmpdKqj7NqMEXKCCHFz4xrIvjz6OpHdLwovH2_HZkNeHgC1f8z4jKOPtg4FzeEq8ofeOYQ/s1280/sword+Gibon+ta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ_chwvPFL1GVIsA1KEIR0i2hNQmA8POJV-YgM9_YTVoRoEwlSD23S17v-3aw6h14z6x9dDESmpdKqj7NqMEXKCCHFz4xrIvjz6OpHdLwovH2_HZkNeHgC1f8z4jKOPtg4FzeEq8ofeOYQ/w500-h281/sword+Gibon+ta.jpg" width="500" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">After the sword training we did a little while back I kept brushing off on my sword training, and part of that was the Gibon Ta or fundamental sword strokes drill that I learned a loooooong time ago. The drill is pretty stationary, and when you have done the sequence you have effectivly gone through most of the fundamental sword cuts in the system I practise. I filmed myself when doing the exercises so that I could look at the footage and find things to improve upon (and there was a lot). Practising on my own and with no mirrors video seems to be a descent way of getting feedback (by reviewing the footage).</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The Gibon Ta consists of front cut, diagonal cut, wrist cut, thrusts, horizontal cuts, upwards diagonal cuts, and upward cut. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv7ikdfhcJXnlWTXx_X02aNMtNU50OvU5uFlz_JzyaRaQzGWpAoni3-5zGZlFSnARxPy2WKifPs44INCuF5TVHYdmSxGijRrkhzGz5mGPIk9wdzhj20RFhBBYCbux_qMMSbIx9Veo-QKLi/s960/Sword+back+down.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="708" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv7ikdfhcJXnlWTXx_X02aNMtNU50OvU5uFlz_JzyaRaQzGWpAoni3-5zGZlFSnARxPy2WKifPs44INCuF5TVHYdmSxGijRrkhzGz5mGPIk9wdzhj20RFhBBYCbux_qMMSbIx9Veo-QKLi/s320/Sword+back+down.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The gibon ta is almost stationary and a fine library of techniques so eventhough I have had to relearn the longer forms in Kyeongdang, this drill is something I have always maintained :-)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Below is a video showcasing the basic template:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZYNWtBVG4XQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="ZYNWtBVG4XQ"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I write a basic template because you can easily draw upon this library of techniques and make variations where you practise footwork, or you can increase the number of repetitions of cuts making the drilling of basic cuts even better. Its a great way to warm up too :-) The last session I did alone I did the basic template 10 times in a row, then I did a modified version that you can see below with ten repetitions of each cut:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/q7rxj512EyU" width="320" youtube-src-id="q7rxj512EyU"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I also focused on the first five of the 24 Yedo forms (short sword forms). A day or two later I did another session where I focused on Unkwang Ryu. I filmed the first 5 Yedo forms so those will show up on my blog at one point, but I did not film Unkwang Ryu as it is a very long form (in distance travelled :-P ). If you have a Mokgeom/Bokken (wooden sword) and you want to try a few cuts for some exercise give the Gibon Ta drill a try :-)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisVUeTZXzJxiO0RV9TfNH53-utGZ2nbPJcHz7YDrqmL1-cHl-1dOY4TTGf2k_yrXvJNcO-2Lv4wdUgRvipiZxC-v6g2zf82syygEKplaA00jPliuje0N5Ovgn1IwCmps41tuPIsubsN4Ld/s960/sword+over+head.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="960" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisVUeTZXzJxiO0RV9TfNH53-utGZ2nbPJcHz7YDrqmL1-cHl-1dOY4TTGf2k_yrXvJNcO-2Lv4wdUgRvipiZxC-v6g2zf82syygEKplaA00jPliuje0N5Ovgn1IwCmps41tuPIsubsN4Ld/s320/sword+over+head.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-72756405459372151112020-07-17T20:38:00.000+02:002020-07-17T20:38:36.845+02:00Sword training again<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYMH9_p2r81RLFFrZNuEiKXjOjz0-i53bNZjIbU_vDEW44fi7ELsBZhoYk9lZ8tzKNuMHrTB6k4pzRzun-hx1CY88T1gn5RXmzNEht0jwCqZDAJCUVS3ULVCet4jvHNrn5wf411aIu5k-s/s960/sword4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYMH9_p2r81RLFFrZNuEiKXjOjz0-i53bNZjIbU_vDEW44fi7ELsBZhoYk9lZ8tzKNuMHrTB6k4pzRzun-hx1CY88T1gn5RXmzNEht0jwCqZDAJCUVS3ULVCet4jvHNrn5wf411aIu5k-s/w256-h192/sword4.jpg" width="256" /></a></div>I wrote a lengthy post on my experiences with sword training, some history and information on gyungdang (or Kyeongdang) a "short" time ago (2016???????? Damn where did all that time go??) <a href="http://jungdokwan-taekwondo.blogspot.com/2016/10/sword-taekwondo-true.html">which you can read by clicking here</a>. A few days ago I got the chance to do some study time with the sword again because Joakim came to visit and he was kind enough to spend most of his Saturday teaching me and my teacher :-) Most of my sword training so far has been a seminar here, a training camp there, a short training session with someone here and there, looking at videos, reading books etc, so it was great to be a student and being taught again (thanks man if you're reading this :-) ). I realized to my horror that I haven't been writing much or publishing much on my blog lately so I thought I could share a little of my day with you guys and girls :)<div><br /></div><div><br /><span><a name='more'></a></span><div>The three of us practised outside at a school near we live. The weather was very unstable so we chose that spot so we could go under a roof if the rain started pouring down. The weather gods were kind to us though, because the sun started shining and it lasted all the time we were practising. I had just dropped Joakim off after the training session was over when the rain started pouring down :-)</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirpZ7Ejm9_W6XYVpCGAXd9j1QAzQxYn4OOlDlTMUMyzdA5oc0fwJE6vqOJfB7_MN4975tE1qp-hrnLpTFMBY-RQF_z8LxtC6-pliTziekOKRMPi-qfstXe5PRVRHkDB1BvFJkBmIq9SZTy/s960/sword2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirpZ7Ejm9_W6XYVpCGAXd9j1QAzQxYn4OOlDlTMUMyzdA5oc0fwJE6vqOJfB7_MN4975tE1qp-hrnLpTFMBY-RQF_z8LxtC6-pliTziekOKRMPi-qfstXe5PRVRHkDB1BvFJkBmIq9SZTy/w320-h320/sword2.jpg" title="Posture from the Bon Kuk Geom form" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /><br />This time we focused on the newly developed Kyeongdang syllabus for yellow belts (as it is taught in Cheongryong Kyeongdang Dojang which is Joakim's Dojang). That means basic cuts and thrusts, stances and footwork, as well as the first four of the Yedo Iship Sase (24 short forms of the short sword) and the first "long form" Unkwang Ryu which is one of the four Wae Gum (foreign or in this case Japanese sword) in the Muyedobotongji. The long form is a great exercise as you do a lot of squatting, jumping and cuts in short bursts. It can be divided into 5 parts where each consists of a squatting cut (you do a forward cut as you squat down using the whole movement to do the cut), then two front cuts in an upright shortish stance (think ap seogi but bendt knees and a little longer), a jumping cut where you jump up and do a front cut, followed by a posture. This last posture as well as the foot work (natural stepping or same foot stepping) is what makes the 5 parts different from each other. You could say that the form shows the same principle in 5 different ways. The performance line is straight forward in on long line. There is no fluff in this form it is very straight forward, simple yet not simple, and it is very physically demanding. Below is one of the postures that ends the first two sequences (or links them to the next one depending on how you see it)</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5EpqoZ8MWqyWudM5x_xs8ulKlH8eLWcoO2c2SsW9UQZeWSrftI52ptCVrXExzKE4m_uibiE0r8mIXiLTnxKKtVbxm2ewd8dKADlY1Z2-A0TaivWTBH32pqPliLedtv2x8Rp7U2N5xynw/s960/sword1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5EpqoZ8MWqyWudM5x_xs8ulKlH8eLWcoO2c2SsW9UQZeWSrftI52ptCVrXExzKE4m_uibiE0r8mIXiLTnxKKtVbxm2ewd8dKADlY1Z2-A0TaivWTBH32pqPliLedtv2x8Rp7U2N5xynw/s320/sword1.jpg" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>It was a great day, and in these times you could say that sword training is perfect. There is no contact and you are always a sword distance away from anyone you are training with :-) I hope everyones training and studies goes well even in these times. </div><div><br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-31135868799773606982020-04-16T16:45:00.001+02:002020-04-16T16:46:02.529+02:00Sharing some of my favorite Taekwondo Poomsae Quotes (On application)I recently made a 30 minute video of myself sharing a few of my favorite practical poomsae application quotes. These are taken from many sources, but both from the Karate roots of taekwondo and from "modern" taekwondo masters, as well as a short discussion on the stages of poomsae training as outlined in the Kukkiwon Textbook.<br />
<br />
Below is the video itself, and if you click the "read more", you will be treated to the quotes themselves in text format as some prefer them in text. For more context and my own thoughts about them watch the video :-)<br /><br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gbwqMTqOGJw/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gbwqMTqOGJw?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><div style="text-align: left;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">«Training of Poomsae</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1) Pattern. The first step of training Poomsae is to learn the
pattern. Concentration of spirit, eyes, angles of movement must be emphasized
in addition to the accuracy of actions.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2) Significance. In the next step, the emphasis must be laid on the
balance, strength and weakness, low or high speed, respiration and Poomsae
line. The significance of movements, connection of pooms and the complete
Poomsae must be learned correctly.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3) Practical use. One must adapt what he has learned to his
practical use, finding out the practicability.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4) Self style. One must evaluate his findings about the
effectiveness of what he has learned, comparing with his or her bodily
structure, speed, strength, impulsive power, point of emphasis in training
etc., and modorate the techniques into his own style.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5) Completion. One achieves a synthetic accomplishment of Poomsae
training by mastering the art of taekwondo techniques including taekwondo
spirit.» </span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(Kukkiwon Textbook 2006 p 306)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<em><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">"Once a form has been learned, it must be practised
repeatedly until it can be applied in an emergency, for knowledge of just the
sequence of a form in karate is useless." -Funakoshi<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<em><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">“You may train for a long time, but if you merely move your
hands and feet and jump up and down like a puppet, learning Karate is not very
different from learning a dance. You will never have reached the heart of the
matter; you will have failed to grasp the quintessence of Karate.” – Funakoshi<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 22.3pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lee Kyu Hyung: «Poomsae training purpose:</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1: Poomsae training primarily aims to learn the face-to-face fighting
arts for an actual field to protect oneself in an emergency</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2: Poomsae training is one way to learn face-to-face fighting arts for
an actial field. It primarily aims to apply one`s learned techniques
immediately to the actual field by repeating in advance countless attack and
block techniques.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3: It is very improtant to understand exactly technical contents about
how to make a defense and try attack back against opponents and
characteristics, functions, and methods of each movement.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4: Apart from face-to-face fighting in Poomsae training, it has been
considered as physical training for good health in recent years.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 22.3pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<em><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">The true meaning of the hikite, or pulling hand, is to grab
the opponent's attacking hand and pull it in whilst twisting it as much as
possible so that his body is forced to lean against the defender." -
Gichin Funakoshi<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<em><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">All kata use the so-called postures (kamae). In fact, there
are many kinds of postures and many kinds of kata. While learning these
postures should not be totally ignored, we must be careful not to overlook that
they are just forms or templates of sort; it is the function of their
application which needs to be mastered. – Choki Motobu<o:p></o:p></span></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"Kobo
Kenpo Karatedo Nyumon by Kenwa Mabuni as translated by Joe Swift:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<br />
<i><span style="background: white;">The meaning of the directions in kata </span></i><span style="background: white;">(Poomsae)<i> is not well understood, and
frequently mistakes are made in the interpretation of kata </i>(Poomsae)<i> movements.
In extreme cases, it is sometimes heard that "this kata </i>(Poomsae)<i> moves
in 8 directions so it is designed for fighting 8 opponents" or some such
nonsense. I would like to specifically address this issue now.</i></span><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">Looking at the enbusen for Pinan Nidan </span></i><span style="background: white;">(Pyung Ahn 2 Hyung)<i>, one can see that karate
kata </i>(Taekwondo Poomsae)<i> move in all directions, forward and
back, left and right. When interpreting kata </i>(Poomsae)<i>, one must
not get too caught up in these directions. For example, do not fall into the
trap of thinking that just because a kata </i>(Poomsae)<i> begins to
the left that the opponent is always attacking from the left. There are two
ways of looking at this:</i></span><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">1 - The </span></i><span style="background: white;">(Poomsae) <i>kata is defending against an attack
from the left.</i></span><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">2 - Angle to the left against a frontal
attack.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">At first glance, both of these look alright.
However, looking at only number (1), the meaning of the kata becomes narrow,
and the kata, which in reality must be applied freely in any situation, becomes
awfully meager in its application.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">Looking at an actual example, the 5 Pinan
kata all start to the left, and then repeat the same series of techniques to
the right. Looking at interpretation (1), the opponent must always attack from
the left, and while fighting that opponent, another opponent comes from behind
so the defender turns to fight that opponent. This type of interpretation is
highly unreasonable.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="background: white;">Looking at interpretation number (2) however,
the 5 Pinan kata show us that against an attack from the front we can evade
either left or right to put ourselves in the most advantageous position to
defend ourselves."<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"If practiced properly, two or
three kata will suffice as "your" kata;</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">all of the others can just be studied
as sources of additional knowledge. "</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-Kenwa Mabuni</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“A student well versed in even one
technique</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">will naturally see corresponding
points in other techniques.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A upper level punch, a lower punch,</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">a front punch and a reverse punch are
all essentially the same.</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Looking over thirty-odd kata,</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">he should be able to see that they
are essentially variations on just a handful.”</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-Gichin Funakoshi</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"The Secret was that when a
small man faces an opponent,</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">he must not take backward steps to
evade blows or kicks;</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> instead he should take forward
steps or side steps so</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">that he can take the offensive right
after defending himself."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">-Soshin Nagamine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-74961269059365398752020-03-29T13:58:00.001+02:002020-03-29T13:58:38.526+02:00Taekwondo and Corona VirusWe are living in a historical time. I have never read about a single other time "everyone" has been part of a social experiment at this scale. Some countries have done a lot to prevent Corona from spreading to rapidly, and other countries have done nothing, yet others have opted to isolate the people in high risk group while the rest of the population "roams free". Only time will tell what is the best solution, and how this will affect the society at large. In Norway based on the little information knwon to us in our Dojang we decided to close down the Dojang to help social distancing early on (a few days later the government kept up with us and ordered all sports to close down). In our Dojang we felt that social distancing and self quarantine would benefit the society more than keeping the Dojang open. As Taekwondo is supposed to help society we felt that closing down the dojang to help fight the spread and hopefully keep the hospitals and health services at capacity would be more beneficial than keeping it open. Read the whole thing as I come with a lot of tips later on how to keep providing a service to your students.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br /><br />
<br />
Online I read that other Dojang kept open despite warnings and guidelines. The reason for keeping open was to instill and to project "indomitable spirit". I felt very sad when I read those reasons for keeping open despite what the current information tells us is most beneficial. It is a way of using taekwondo philosophy and twist it to keep students comming in the doors so that comercial Dojang can keep earning money. There was a 100% relation between those closing down to help society and those who kept open for "indomitable spirit" where the latter ones were comercial driven Dojang.<br />
<br />
Taekwondo is self defense, keeping yourself and your loved ones safe from harm. That starts with your health, and so if you belong to a Dojang that insists on showing up even now, you might reconsider your place there, and if it is truly serving its students or not.<br />
<br />
My Dojang is very lucky in that we dont pay any rent or anything. I get that comercial Dojang has to keep paying no matter what, but there are loads of stuff they could do in these times to keep providing a service to their students while also helping society by closing down the Dojang.<br />
<br />
So what can you do to keep providing service to your students? We live in 2020 so we all pretty much have a smart phone and internet. This means you can moving your instructions online :-) And thereby helping students in their own house.<br />
<br />
You can:<br /><br />
<ul>
<li>Live Stream Training sessions</li>
<li>Live Stream discussions or Q&A</li>
<li>Pre record syllabus stuff</li>
<li>Share instruction videos to your students</li>
</ul>
<div>
And these are just a few things.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Live streaming Training sessions: If you have facebook in your Dojang and you have a page or a group (we have a closed group for ours) simply press live stream within the group and keep training as if you had a session at the appointed times. This is what my Dojang is currently doing or starting now. It might be difficult to answer questions etc in these livestreams so tell your students to write down questions or if they have something they want more indepths explanations on and do a Live stream Q&A :-) Its not as good as showing up at the Dojang of course but during the present conditions it is the best we can do, and with a smartphone and internet connection it is very easy to organise and to do.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
You can also pre-record drills, training sessions, syllabus stuff and share them with the students. This is what we scrambled to do once we closed down the Dojang, as the main instructor had video of himself performing some of the syllabus. I did some editing putting in what was to each belt grade etc but it could have been done even easier.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Sharing instruction videos: You do not have to re-invent the wheel. If you teach Taegeuk and Judanja Poomsae and you want your students to train at home, go to youtube: find videos that are akin to what you want (I prefer Kukkiwon and Lee Kyu Hyung's videos) and share them in the group as a reference for your students. This frees up time for you to produce videos that are unique to your syllabus (if you have your own step sparring drills etc for instance). </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
And of course: combine all the above ;-) Do not settle for one, do it in combination. Share articles, share blog posts, share book recomendations. The thing is we have to stimulate home training, and keeping the students interested in Taekwondo. We need them to show up again once everything is over. This is my little way of helping :-) If there is anything you need from me in terms of instructions or anything let me know by contacting me on facebook traditional taekwondo ramblings, commenting below or at email orjannilsen85@gmail.com</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Best regards and happy home training :-)</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-64730872118995439582020-03-09T18:57:00.001+01:002020-03-09T18:57:55.026+01:00Teaching a class using only one technique?<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOb4uLeZmypfIgBJz7Urbf-LeryBMIsKZ83nanwKNZLp0ASKpCO8xEmmpzBb3vQD2lI9PnwZEYE-jJ1NgsRAYVrmJua2vm_noQMbY1I2NUJEXbQBOKETaPqYtm957rnnbYGhSUWkWtFZ4/s1600/Hwangkeedangkison.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="309" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOb4uLeZmypfIgBJz7Urbf-LeryBMIsKZ83nanwKNZLp0ASKpCO8xEmmpzBb3vQD2lI9PnwZEYE-jJ1NgsRAYVrmJua2vm_noQMbY1I2NUJEXbQBOKETaPqYtm957rnnbYGhSUWkWtFZ4/s320/Hwangkeedangkison.png" width="222" /></a>I've been a fan of "repetition by stealth" ever since I heard about it, and last Friday I wanted to <br />
challenge myself as an instructor and see if it was possible to teach a whole class with a narrow focus on one technique without it being boring for the students. To challenge myself even further I decided on going on the most basic of techniques, the traditional straight punch (one hand going back to the hip as you punch). It is heavily featured in our Poomsae, and it is also the perhaps most often trained hand technique in traditional Taekwondo. The Friday class consists of students from 13 year old to people in their 40s. Theres beginners (just gotten their uniform) to black belt students in that same class. Teaching this kind of class where everyone gained something from it, and narrowing the focus down into one technique was a challenge. So I made a rough plan, then tweaked it into a more detailed plan and "went to work" :-) Below is how the class was done.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
19:15-19:20 We lined up, did our beginning salutation followed by meditation. I ALWAYS take a little class time before and after training to meditation, as this was how I "grew up" in Taekwondo.<br />
<br />
19:20-19:35 Warm ups. First we did a "game" for the general warm up. I got everyone to make one long line. People turned their belts so the knot was on their back, and grabbed the belt to the person standing in front of them. The foremost person was then tasked to start 10 meters in front of this line, and on the order "start" he would try to reach the last man on the line. The front person in the line would be tasked to drag the line around hindering the runner to get to the last man. If the line breaks (people let go of the belt) everyone except the runner takes 5 pushups and then reset. Once the runner gets the last man he becomes the last man and the one in the front takes over as the new runner. If it takes too long I will reset by doing this so everyone gets a go. It's great fun, and it gets everyone warm in no time.<br />
<br />
After that we did more specialised warm up, by pairing up into twos. We then had one round of pushing, one round of pulling and one round of pushing and pulling, shifting as I yell "Shift". This is a great way of gently implementing a very very very low level of standing grappling into regular training. Then we shifted emphasis on shaddow boxing alone, moving about, changing angles, vary the punches and blocks, but only hand techniques. This represents the most specialized part of the warm up.<br />
<br />
19:35-19:40 We started the lesson proper. I demonstrated 3 different kinds of punches; The "traditional" (hand on hip for no reason etc), the "boxing punch" (punching from a guard while maintining a guard), and lastly a "practical application punch" where the hand pulled back to the hip is doing something, in this case pulling the opponents arm out of the way of my punch. A short discussion on what was the most prefferable punch, and then the revelation that there was no real difference between the traditional punch and the application punch :-) I also touched upon the different roles the pulling hand has (pulling opponent off balance, pulling the front hand turns the back/dangerous hand of the opponent away from us if you have a cross grip, removing obstacles etc).<br />
<br />
19:40-19:59 Here we started the technical training. We stood in fighting stance (essentually a dwit koobi or back stance) and then shifting our weight forward into ap koobi or long front walking stance we punched with our back hand while pulling the front hand back to the hip, and then shifted back again. We did this 10 reps on each side.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrJiTUKC3UQ42cznH46ADSTR1Gp9WSoAFBZKn4-4DXnneaMhP7ePl0OhVbPF-xCbLSZCXL4uvefzdYPzuiiFLqcATIrTQZvOwNwKvvx9kpbZ-a-oPtM9viZC4lsUGo0ouNXfXuEbbmVGQ/s1600/Funakoshi+hikite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1113" data-original-width="1600" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrJiTUKC3UQ42cznH46ADSTR1Gp9WSoAFBZKn4-4DXnneaMhP7ePl0OhVbPF-xCbLSZCXL4uvefzdYPzuiiFLqcATIrTQZvOwNwKvvx9kpbZ-a-oPtM9viZC4lsUGo0ouNXfXuEbbmVGQ/s320/Funakoshi+hikite.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
We then partnered up and one taking the mantle of "puncher" the other the mantle of "human punching bag" the latter had a high guard, which the puncher grabbed the lead hand, pulled back to hip while delivering a punch to the head. We wore no gloves, nor head gear so we introduced the flaw of less realism by not connecting the punches, only marking them and stopping a fraction of an inch before the target. Both sides were used, then the roles reserved so the other person could try on both sides.<br />
<br />
I then talked a little more about the pulling hand and how pulling the hand to the hip, the punching arm only has to follow the arm up to find the head, so that you don't even have to see the opponent. I demonstrated this too.<br />
<br />
Now that we had done marked punches pulled short of target we did essentially the same drill again, this time on focus mitts. We stood a litte more sideways on the opponent as the focus mitt became the "head", and the other hand was placed in front of the mitt so it was pulled back toward the hip of the puncher, clearing a way for the strike. Now we had impact, but now we were not hitting a head, so no matter what we do we introduce flaws into training for safety ;-) Both partners tried this for some time on both hands.<br />
<br />
Below is an old video which shows the back hand and lead hand version (we only worked on the back hand) of the padd drill:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ioIlyhFgpP8/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ioIlyhFgpP8?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />
<br />
20:00-20:05 Water break :-)<br />
<br />
20:05-20:10 We focused on power generation, moving from one ap koobi forward into a new ap koobi (from one long front stance, moving forward into a new front stance. Where in this sequence does the punch connect? Not in the end position ;-) The ending is a follow through. The students got to experiment on the pads, "walking through the punch" as I called it.<br />
<br />
<br />
20:10-20:25: We placed the focus mitts back in their place before partnering up again and started partner work with drilling a 1-2 straight punch combo toward the opponents head which the opponent flinches and covers up the head, the puncher flows into stripping away the flinch with the pulling hand delivering a finishing blow using the stepping through method. The 1-2 combo was "unnatached punching" or without the pulling hand to the hip, the last one was a traditional punch using the pulling hand :-)<br />
<br />
20:25-20:35 Tiring out punching on the focus mitts. One holding the pads, the other did a jab-cross combo (unnatached punching, from a guard no pulling hand), resetting in a half second before delivering a jab-cross combo again. It's almost continually jab-cross but there is a slight pause between each combo. Each combo is delivered with as much intensity as possible, and the puncher kept this up for some time until exhaustion before switching roles.<br />
<br />
20:35-20:40 lining up, stretching the arms, meditation, ending comments, ending salutation.<br />
<br />
None of the students seemed to be bored at all during this session, and they seemed to enjoy it. Those who are generally interested in hand techniques, practical applications and or self defense, fighting were very happy with it. I have no idea how many straight punches the students did during this session but it was A LOT of punching throughout.<br />
<br />
Have you ever done anything like this to challenge yourself as an instructor? If anyone out there reads this and wants to have a go, do not hessitate to let us know how it went :-D<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7969550358686428094.post-63363306701096885902019-11-03T19:52:00.000+01:002019-11-03T19:52:00.400+01:00Sharing some Quotes, Notes and other stuff Part 4<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B018R4I7A0/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B018R4I7A0&linkCode=as2&tag=traditiona03e-20&linkId=145b1c12a743fe832b601779bf223a71" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="200" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B018R4I7A0&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&tag=traditiona03e-20" width="200" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=traditiona03e-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B018R4I7A0" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" /><br />
<br />
I am very happy to have learned that people actually enjoy this series so here is the last one (I think) this time around as I am running out of journal :-P When I change books again (earliest at new year) I will see if I will revive this series and share some more. I also have some older notebooks which I can also share stuff from if people are interested. Because these are notes taken from my journal these posts might look a little chaotic but that is the nature of my notes. I have an index and I am also using a method called "threading" which is a brilliant method to use when taking notes all over the place so to me this is all logical and helpful but since I am sharing bits and pieces here as they show up in the journal it might look a lot more disjointed than it really is:-P So for those of you jumping in here in part 4 I will share that I am using the Bullet Journal System as Ryder Carroll presents it. It is a clean no nonsense system, but if you google it today you will probably be swarmed with elaborate pieces of art. The original system is great, but these elaborate pieces of arts I am sure is great for those with the time and artistic sense to make them but dont look to them if you want to start journaling. In my mind they're kinda missing the point :-P Think on Taekwondo and how if you google it you will find K-pop and circus demonstrations all over the place, while the practical application of the art for self defense is something entirely different :-P As always the things <i>written in cursive is diretly</i> from the journal while regular writing is me adding context or thoughts to the quotes.<br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div>
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00IJ0CL82/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00IJ0CL82&linkCode=as2&tag=traditiona03e-20&linkId=160c150020abb0e5e6da30712f58cbbc" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B00IJ0CL82&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=traditiona03e-20" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=traditiona03e-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B00IJ0CL82" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" /><br />
<br />
First out is a very lengthy and interesting quote from the book "Mind over muscle" by Jigoro Kano. <a href="https://amzn.to/2WDDLmo" target="_blank">Here is a link to the book if you want to buy it.</a> Note it is an affilieted link so if you buy it I actually get a small comission :-) Nice way to support the blog while you get a worthwile book :-D </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Anyway here is the quote:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>"Randori practise </i>(Sparring) <i>page 139:</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
<i>The reason for the kinds of abuses that have arisen today is that people have forgotten that randori practise means fighting in earnest. If one fights in earnest, a stance in which you lower your hips, spread your legs, and tilt your head forward is extremely disadvantageous. Both your face and your chest are vulnerable to your opponent's atemi </i>(strikes). <i>It is also difficult for you to move quickly to fend off your opponent's attack. Atemi is not used in everyday randori practise only because it is dangerous, but you must nevertheless practise with the expectation that your opponent may attack using atemi at any time. </i><br />
<i>The failure to give sufficient consideration to this is at the root of todays mistakes."</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
I read this in the book and thought WOW! This is EXACTLY what we see in modern Taekwondo sparring. The original concept was to prepare for self defense, while the modern sparring is far removed because we no longer take grappling into consideration. If we did we would not kick as high, have such a narrow stance all the time and our hands hanging down at the sides. Once you stop looking at the goal or purpose we start doing all kinds of weird things. These days sparring has become its own thing evolving into an olympic sport but theres nothing stopping us from dividing between free sparring and olympic sparring at a club level if we so choose ;-) It was just funny to see that the founder of Judo experienced the very same problem in his own lifetime. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>"You will never <u>always </u>be motivated, so you must learn to be discioplined." - Unknown</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
I wrote down the quote above because it is the god damned truth :-P At that point I was midway through my summer vacation and I must admit that it had been a while since my last training session. Eventhough I spent that part of my vacation in the mountains taking long hikes everyday, I was itching to do some kicking and punching again. I am sure you guys reading this blog feel the same way if you dont practise taekwondo for a few days. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>"If you do not make time for your wellness, you will be forced to make time for your illness." - unknown</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
This one too is a great reminder that even if practise takes away a little of your "family time" it is nevertheless an investment in health which again translated into more years with your family. In Norway once you start to go older many become very stiff and cant move well. This has a huge impact into their daily lives. Having spent a year in Korea and witnessed the difference between senior citisens there and senior citisens here in Norway I know that I want to keep practising Taekwondo as long as I can. This way I know I am doing what I can to be able to move about even when I grow older. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>"If you find yourself in a fair fight, your tactis suck!" -John Steinbeck</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
Iain Abernethy has shared this quote a few times and I love it. It greatly surmises the mindset you need to have in a self defense physical altercation. </div>
<div>
<br />
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00A79N8OO/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00A79N8OO&linkCode=as2&tag=traditiona03e-20&linkId=a6089f0b531b30eb25b4b495288278c4" target="_blank"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B00A79N8OO&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL110_&tag=traditiona03e-20" /></a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=traditiona03e-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B00A79N8OO" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important;" width="1" /><br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>"To find out what makes a technique efficient use the three "T's" or "W's". </i></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><i>Technice, Timing and tactics</i></li>
<li><i>What, When and Why</i></li>
</ul>
<div>
This is from "The role of Kihon" a video by Iain Abernethy (yes I take notes when reading, listening and watching instructional videos.... I am a nerd... Anyway this is Iain's tool to establish what makes something "good" or bad. If you google "The role of kihon Iain Abernethy" I am sure you will find the podcast with the same title where he also goes over this model. It is well worth looking into this as it is a great mental tool.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>Video? Choi Hong Hi's 1965 book page 134 shows examples of dallyon or forging techniques. Both alone and with a partner. Knocking excersises with a partner to toughen attacking tools and defensive tools.</i></div>
<div>
<i><br />
</i></div>
<div>
This was a note I took as a video idea came to mind. If you follow my youtube channel you will at some point see me making this into a video unless someone reads this, turns to page 134 and makes their own (I would not mind if anyone did). </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1